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                <text>There's what in my water? Microplastic&#13;
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                <text>REVIEW OF WATERSHED MONITORING PROTOCOLS AND PRACTICES FOR&#13;
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                <text>This report is a comprehensive review of watershed monitoring protocols and practices from a&#13;
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watershed management (IWM) in maintaining ecological balance and human well-being,&#13;
particularly in Haliburton County, which lies within the Great Lakes watershed. The report&#13;
highlights the diverse ecosystem services provided by watersheds, including freshwater supply,&#13;
flood control, recreation, and economic prosperity. It identifies challenges such as the impact of&#13;
improper water management on habitat and property owners along the Trent Severn Waterway&#13;
(TSW), emphasizing the need for balanced approaches to support economic activities while&#13;
preserving ecosystem integrity. The proposed watershed council (hereafter “the council”)&#13;
prioritizes community engagement, flexible funding, and diverse expertise for effective watershed&#13;
management through a water quality approach. It recommends funding opportunities with&#13;
organizations like the Trillium Foundation for funding flexibility and aims to obtain charitable status&#13;
to diversify funding sources. Volunteer participation and collaboration with academic institutions&#13;
will be key to the council’s success. Overall, the report highlights the critical role of community&#13;
involvement, adaptive management, and collaborative partnerships in ensuring the long-term&#13;
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                <text>Benjamin Schlosser</text>
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                <text>Biological Assessment</text>
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                <text>Restoring A Tallgrass Prairie In Haliburton Highlands: Assessing Success Based On Soil Conditions and Plant Communities</text>
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                <text>Tiana Bilodeau</text>
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                <text>Dr. Autumn Watkinson</text>
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                <text>Tallgrass prairies were once abundant in North America. However, they are now considered a rare ecosystem. Restoration of tallgrass prairie from agriculture and farmlands is common when restoration occurs; however, little is known about restoring tallgrass prairie from aggregate pits. The objective of this study was to assess the success of a tallgrass prairie restoration from a gravel pit in Haliburton, ON. The main objective of the study was to quantify and compare soil conditions and plant density in three zones across the site to understand the heterogeneous bunchgrass growth in the restored area. I hypothesized that bunchgrass height, basal diameter, and/or density would increase in response to more favourable soil conditions, like moisture and organic matter. Percent cover of vegetation species, bare ground, debris, and crust were measured in quadrats positioned in a grid pattern across the site. At these locations, moisture, electrical conductivity, and temperature were measured using a time-domain reflectometer, and soil cores were collected along transects across the site. Bunchgrass density, height, and basal diameter were measured along transects. Electrical conductivity, temperature, percent silt, and clay were significantly different across the site. Bunchgrass height and density were greatest in the zone with the highest soil moisture content and organic matter. My results indicate that restoration methods or edaphic conditions may be impacting bunchgrass and plant communities across the site and point to areas where adaptive management could improve the restoration trajectory.</text>
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                <text>The purpose of the project report is to understand the data collected from the Permanent Sampling Plots established and monitored by Trent University in conjunction with U-Links Center for Community-Based Research. Through this data collection, the aim is to better understand values of forest health, composition, and development. These values will be understood through data values containing stem density, basal area, downed woody debris, and diseases observed and recorded. During the process of applying the data collected an understanding will be made of the forest production and development. The data will allow a greater understanding and an improved stewardship program will be continued through the development of the forest monitoring program. All parties involved in the report include Haliburton Highlands Land Trust, U-Links Center for Community-Based Research, and Trent University. Haliburton Highlands Land Trust owns the property of Barnum Creek Nature Reserve (BCNR), where this project has been undertaken. U-Links is the main facilitator and organizing body for the project.</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study is to contribute to the long term biomonitoring of health of Smith Forest in Haliburton County and its transition from a mature forest to an old growth forest. Smith Forest is a property in Haliburton, located on the Burnt river, bordering a wetland. It is showing evidence of being a mature forest transitioning to an old growth forest. Old growth forests have many benefits, such as, increasing biodiversity, increasing species habitats, and lowering CO2 in the atmosphere.</text>
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                <text>Kabakwa Lake’s 2023 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Water Quality Assessment was completed as part of an aquatic biomonitoring program by U-Links in conjunction with Kabakwa Lake owners, such as Bill Forbes. The 2023 visitation was the third year of sampling, which contributed to the long-term dataset required to determine water quality trends. Benthic macroinvertebrates (hereafter, benthos) are invertebrates that spend most or all of their lives in water which can make them susceptible to organic pollution (Jones et al., 2006; Borisko et al, 2007). Benthos in conjunction with water chemistry data can be used to access the health of a lake (Carbone et al, 1998).  &#13;
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                <text>This project is the fourth year Trent University has collaborated with the U-Links Centre for Community Based Research and Halls &amp; Hawks Lakes Property Owner Association (HHLPOA). This collaboration finds Trent University biology students gathering data for a five-year long collaborative benthic macro-invertebrate biomonitoring program. The purpose of the health assessment of Little Hawk Lake is for Trent students to collect data that will be interpreted to provide a statement on the current perceived state of Little Hawk Lake. The data collected will also be used as baseline data for U-Links and HHLPOA projects which will be interpreted in the future by the collaborating groups to evaluate water quality and overall health of the lake through the usage of OBBN benthic macro-invertebrates. </text>
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                <text>The purpose of this project is to research, analyze, and interpret benthic macroinvertebrate data gathered at Big Hawk Lake, in addition to water chemistry and aquatic vegetation, to assess and understand the water quality of the lake.  The results of the water quality analyses and benthic indices aided in developing recommendations which will be provided to the Halls and Hawks Lakes Property Owners Association (HHLPOA). Recommendations will include efforts that can be made to maintain and improve the health of the lake, aligning with the HHLPOA’s long-term goal of keeping their lakes healthy and sustainable. In reference to the HHPLOA vision statement, an evaluation of the concerns at Big Hawk Lake will be executed and considered through benthic water quality indices and measures of water chemistry. This summary report will include the study methods, our findings, results, and recommendations for maintaining the water quality at Big Hawk Lake based on its current status.</text>
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                <text>This project entitled Watershed Mapping Profile and Protocol has as one its purposes to develop a spatial context of the HHLT properties and Haliburton Highlands surrounding areas in terms of their watershed composition.  Watershed mapping in simple terms uses elevation and flow data to define catchment areas of water systems.  Geographic information science is applied to generate the watershed maps.  The protocol piece of the project has as its purpose the development of a workflow for using the watershed mapping products for such endeavors as habitat and land conservation. This project is designed to span a single semester. </text>
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                <text>Wetlands provide a host of biological, social, hydrological, and cultural services, though they are being destroyed at an alarming rate in Ontario in the name of human development. The only way for a wetland to be fully protected from development is it being designated as provincially significant under the Ontario Wetland Evaluation System (OWES), created by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF). This study conducted a preliminary assessment of the wetland on the northwestern edge of Grace Lake to determine if there is merit for its designation as provincially significant following a formal environmental impact assessment.&#13;
Flora and fauna observational data, organic content data, water chemistry, and water flow data were collected. All data was then inputted into the OWES scoring manual for Northern Ontario, and a score for the Grace Lake Wetland (GLW) was calculated. Our preliminary results found that the wetland could be deemed provincially significant, as it scored 247.52 points in the “Special Features” component, and a wetland can score a minimum of 200 points in this component to be considered a provincially significant wetland (PSW).&#13;
Our findings suggest that there is likely justification for a formal assessment of the GLW, and there may be more findings by a professional team than we were able to gather in this preliminary assessment. There are various opportunities for the expansion of our findings in future research, including conducting the assessment over multiple seasons and engaging members of the Grace Lake community to partake in various citizen science initiatives. If a&#13;
formal assessment designates the GLW as provincially significant, then it and any area within 120 meters of it will be protected from unsustainable development.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Apple Tree Cost Benefit Analysis </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>ATIP Haliburton</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Raymond Yip Choy</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cost Benefit Analysis</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This report explores the costs and revenue sources associated with the cultivation of apple trees found within Haliburton County. </text>
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            <description>Date of submission of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal).</description>
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                <text>November 28 2023</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>4954</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Haliburton County - Grey Literature</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Redstone Lake Benthic Macroinvertabrate Assessment - 2022</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Sadie Fischer, Frank Figuli</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Redstone Lake Cottagers Association</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>April 2023</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Online</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Haliburton County - Grey Literature</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Kawagama Lake Benthic Macroinvertabrate Assessment - 2022</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Sadie Fischer, Frank Figuli</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>April 2023</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Kawagama Lake</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Kennisis Lake Benthic Macroinvertabrate Assessment - 2022</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Sadie Fischer, Frank Figuli</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Kennisis Lake Cottage Owners Association </text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Julie Bramm, Jim Prince</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>April 2023</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Kennisis Lake</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>U-Links</text>
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                  <text>Trent University - Community Based Research</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Twelve Mile and Little Boshkung Lake Benthic Study 2022</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Amanda Curran, Alexa Wilkes, Emilia Violin</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Tom Whillans</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, 12 Mile and Little Boshkung Lakes</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Benthic biomonitoring</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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        <name>lake health</name>
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                <text>Blowflies Taxa in Forest Regions</text>
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                <text>Abigail Lam</text>
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                <text>Glebe Park</text>
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                <text>Kaitlyn Fleming</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Glebe Park</text>
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                <text>Insect Studies</text>
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                <text>Insects are a large group of arthropods that play essential roles in our environment,&#13;
including cycling nutrients, pollinating plants, acting as a food source for other taxa, and many&#13;
more. However, regarding non-environmental applications, insects play important roles in&#13;
forensic entomology. Although well-studied in urban regions, there is a lack of biodiversity&#13;
information on blowfly species in rural habitats. Therefore, this study aimed to determine&#13;
blowfly species composition in Haliburton, Ontario. Four bottle traps were set up across three&#13;
different types of forests in Glebe Park between July 1st to September 2nd, 2022. In the family&#13;
Calliphoridae, we report 11 species: Lucilia illustris, Phormia regina, Calliphora livida, Lucilia&#13;
silvarum, Lucilia coeruleiviridis, Calliphora vicina, Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vomitoria,&#13;
Cynomya cadaverina, Calliphora terraenovae, and Protophormia terraenovae. We examined if&#13;
several environmental variables affected species abundance and composition. We found&#13;
accumulated degree days above 0°C, numeric date, total precipitation (14 days), and humidity&#13;
affect species abundance. However, none of the variables examined (forest type, elevation, and&#13;
distance from the water) seemed to affect species composition. Our results align with previous&#13;
research in which accumulated degree days affected Calliphoridae abundance. The results of this&#13;
study can help answer questions in forensic entomology, such as calculating post-mortem&#13;
intervals, stages of decomposition, and determining if a body has been moved from its original&#13;
location.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Forest Health Assessment for Barnum Creek Nature Reserve</text>
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                <text>Alyson Bimm, Cailyn Carscadden, Julia Hérault, Natalie Holley, Olivia Gaetz, Jade Gorman, Kevin&#13;
Leblond, Emily Lemon, Megan MacPherson, Emilia Violin, &amp; Taylor Howe&#13;
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                <text>Haliburton Highlands Land Trust</text>
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                <text>Kaitlyn Fleming</text>
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                <text>December 2022</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, HHLT</text>
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                <text>Terrestrial biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Forest health surveys have been done worldwide to provide relevant data on the current health of forests and provide long-term analyses of changes in the ecosystem. This has been shown to help early identification of disturbances and prevent future harm. In this report, students from Trent University set up eight Permanent Sampling Plots (PSPs) in the Barnum Creek Nature Reserve to collect forest health data for the Haliburton Highlands Land Trust. This field data collected includes tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, canopy class, species presence, downed woody debris characteristics, and tree defects. Field data was then analyzed to determine the distribution of DBH and stem defects, relative stem density, basal area per hectare, and proportion of downed woody debris versus decomposition class for each site. This data allowed students to conclude that it is a sugar maple-eastern white cedar-dominated forest with good diversity and valued habitat for wildlife. One concern noted is the high presence of closed wounds on the trees. In completing the analysis of data, students recommend to the HHLT that they continue to pursue goals in protecting and maintaining the forests, and having the public keep good stewardship of the land.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                  <text>Trent University - Community Based Research</text>
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                <text>Health Benefits of Enviro-Plastering</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Nayan Ahuja and Jagjot Singh</text>
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                <text>Beyond Plasters, Sebastian Renel</text>
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                <text>Julian Aherne</text>
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                <text>April 2023</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Online</text>
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            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Human health and environment.</text>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>This extensive literature study offers a full evaluation of the characteristics, advantages, and&#13;
difficulties related to the use of building plasters with natural bases. Plasters made of clay, lime,&#13;
gypsum, and natural fibres are only a few examples of natural-based materials that are contrasted&#13;
with synthetic counterparts. The review examines the thermal resistance, mould resistance, VOC&#13;
retention, physical strength, and characteristics of various plasters while also examining the&#13;
importance of indoor air quality and any potential health advantages of utilising construction&#13;
materials with natural bases. The study also outlines the difficulties and impediments to the use&#13;
of building plasters with natural bases, such as financial viability, building norms and&#13;
regulations, and the requirement for case studies of successful implementation.To encourage the&#13;
broad use of building plasters made from natural materials, this literature study concludes with&#13;
recommendations for industry experts and politicians.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Halls and Hawk Lakes Benthic Assessment - 2022</text>
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                <text>Applied Biomonitoring Course, Trent University ERSC 3620H - K. Fleming</text>
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                <text>Halls and Hawk Lakes Property Owners Association, Peter Dadzis</text>
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                <text>Kaitlyn Fleming</text>
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                <text>April, 2023</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Halls Lake, Big Hawk Lake, Little Hawk Lake</text>
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                <text>Benthic biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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        <name>Kabakwa Lake</name>
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                <text>Blue Skies Bioblitz Plan</text>
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                <text>Tera Boisclair, Noah Opper, Ness Pringle, Jacob Findlay, William Skye Vasey</text>
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                <text>Blue Skies, Lloyd Greenspoon &amp; Committee</text>
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                <text>Tom Whillans</text>
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                <text>April, 2023</text>
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                <text>Stoney Lake is in Peterborough County, approximately 30 km northeast of the City of Peterborough. The majority of residences situated along the lake are summer cottages, with many properties having docks and recreational motorboats. The lake straddles the border of the Canadian Shield and the St. Lawrence Lowlands physiographic regions.&#13;
Since 2020, U-Links has partnered with Upper Stoney Lake Association (USLA), Trent University, and Fleming College to monitor and report on the lake’s benthic macroinvertebrate populations. This study is currently in year three of a proposed total of five years, after which a baseline knowledge will be reached regarding the lake’s macroinvertebrate species richness and diversity. Research spanning five years is considered long-term, and the data in such studies has a high level of validity. Macroinvertebrates serve as excellent bioindicators of overall littoral ecosystem health. With five years' worth of macroinvertebrate data, trends may be recognized and recommendations for the future can be made.&#13;
Several areas of concern make Stoney Lake a good candidate for continued research. According to E. Paleczny (personal communication, December 5, 2022), the stressors to aquatic ecosystem integrity of Stoney Lake include climate change, invasive species (e.g., Nitellopsis obtusa (starry stonewort (SSW))), decline in water quality (e.g., nutrient input, blue-green algal blooms, chemical contaminants), water level fluctuation, and development pressures (e.g., marina's, golf courses, proposed condo and tiny home developments, shoreline development, watershed scale impacts from forestry, mining and agriculture). E. Paleczny (personal communication, December 5, 2022) further stated that the synergistic effects of these stressors are resulting in rapid decline in healthy populations of aquatic species (e.g., walleye), increases in the number of species at risk (e.g., wood turtle), and increased eutrophication leading to increased occurrence and abundance of algal blooms. There are also many unseen effects including increased toxic effects on aquatic life. &#13;
Excess algae growth may be fueled by phosphorus and nutrient runoff from the golf course and cottage lawns. If algae growth increases dramatically, lake eutrophication may occur, which would have detrimental effects on animal populations. Algae blooms increase the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) level by encouraging the growth of specific bacteria (Encyclopedia.com, 2019). A greater BOD rapidly reduces oxygen levels, which can cause fish and other aquatic animals to lose their oxygen supply.&#13;
In 2022, there were no observable impacts or changes in macroinvertebrate species presence at a lake scale, however, this study does not address localized impacts from stressors or other shifts or changes in aquatic ecosystem function. It also does not address any changes to baseline conditions prior to 2020. Increasing sampling sites where there are concerns about localized stressors such as development impacts would help to assess if there are localized impacts to macroinvertebrate populations.&#13;
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