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                <text>The main objective of this study was to gain insight into the relationships between patient&#13;
demographics, patient health and their dental caries at Volunteer Dental Outreach for Haliburton&#13;
County (VDOHC). Data collection consisted of a survey regarding patient demographics,&#13;
general health, and oral health status and the factors that affect the number of teeth with dental&#13;
caries was analyzed. It was hypothesized that accessibility to dental care for low-income&#13;
individuals will affect the number of teeth with dental caries, that age will affect the number of&#13;
teeth with dental caries, that gender will affect the number of teeth with dental caries, and that a&#13;
diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) will affect the number of teeth with dental caries. The results&#13;
supported the first hypothesis and found that patients who received dental care at VDOHC had a&#13;
higher average number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth than the Canadian population in the&#13;
lowest equivalized household income quintile. The subsequent hypotheses were not supported&#13;
based on the results that were found in this study. Understanding the relationships between&#13;
patient demographics, general health and oral health status will assist in improving patient&#13;
treatment at VDOHC.</text>
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Shoreline Stabilization Research Project Report</text>
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                <text>This research project’s purpose is to explore suitable actions which can be used to mitigate shoreline erosion on Horseshoe Lake. We will compare both naturalized and constructed options to maintain and improve shoreline stabilization without hindering the ecosystem services or functions it provides to all stakeholders of the system. We will attempt to remain unbiased while searching for the most beneficial naturalized method to follow the County of Haliburton’s (CHA) goal of 75% owned shoreline to be natural through the mitigation of Horseshoe Lake Property Owners Association’s (HLPOA) concerns of shoreline stabilization. However, it must be noted that this goal pertains to the shoreline areas above the high-water mark (HWM) while Horseshoe Lake is dealing with shoreline degradation below the HWM which becomes MNRF and DFO jurisdiction.&#13;
After conducting a literature review, we have found that the best option for shoreline management of erosion is Slope and Vegetation Biomass Control. A close second would be the Brush Mattress combined with a Live Fascine. These naturalized options have been highlighted and recommended to use on Horseshoe Lake, and other reservoir lakes for the Trent-Severn. There are also some industrialized options included as not every property has the ability to implement naturalized erosion control. Out of all of the industrialized methods listed here, we suggest using Vegetated Riprap only in scenarios where naturalized control is unfeasible.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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        <name>shoreline stewardship</name>
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                <text>Blue-Green Algae Mitigation Strategies</text>
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                <text>Angelo Pilolla, Brittany Latimer, Vedant Paresh Badheka, Andrew Bunn</text>
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                <text>Miskwabi Area Community Association, Peter Dilworth</text>
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                <text>Lakes in the Haliburton area have experienced an unprecedented amount of Blue-Green Algae blooms that threaten the various lake's water quality. This paper has two main objectives: the first is to identify the various reasons why blue-green algae blooms occur and their impact, the second is to provide various strategies to mitigate blooms. To answer the objective an extensive literature was conducted, this paper attempts to answer the object with published information. Various methods will be discussed in mitigating blooms, such as chemical and physical removal options and prevention strategies.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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      </tag>
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                <text>Shoreline Stewardship: Capacity Building through ENGO Programming and Local Partnerships</text>
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                <text>Mystaya Touw</text>
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                <text>Tom Whillans,  Sustainability Studies M.A. Graduate Program</text>
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                <text>This thesis aimed to determine what factors influence individual- and community-level shoreline stewardship attitudes and behaviours. Shoreline stewardship is part of the broader literature of environmental stewardship and place-based conservation. The needs and barriers limiting stewardship action were examined, as were the opportunities for increased impact. The Love Your Lake (LYL) program served as a case study into the impact of ENGO programming on shoreline stewardship among shoreline property owners in Ontario. This was investigated using a program workshop, interviews and focus groups with past program participants, and existing participant survey data. Community-Based Social Marketing principles were used to further examine the opportunities for increased impact on stewardship behaviour. The study found that the LYL program was effective in starting or continuing a conversation in communities around shoreline health. Some of the remaining needs and/or barriers included limited time at the cottage; limited knowledge of how to fix existing shoreline issues; low stock of local native plants and environmentally minded landscapers; ineffective messaging; a lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern; and weak environmental policies and governance of shorelines. Some participants also listed cost as a barrier, while others felt it had been well addressed already. Most participants thought that education could be a barrier but that it had been well addressed locally through LYL or other programming. Some key motivators and opportunities to increase shoreline stewardship included community iii building, increased lake association capacity, improved communication and marketing strategies, and persistence.</text>
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        <name>shoreline stewardship</name>
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                  <text>Trent University - Community Based Research</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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                <text>Odonata monitoring of Haliburton Highlands Land Trust properties: fauna and protocols</text>
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                <text>Ryan Hill</text>
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                <text>David Beresford, Biology</text>
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                <text>Environmental Science, Wildlife Biology</text>
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                <text>The following report has been written to assist Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT) in initiating an Odonata monitoring program on their properties. A list of 111 recorded species for Haliburton County along with a few other expected species (Poropat, 2020) make up what HHLT could expect to see on their properties during monitoring (Poropat, personal communication, September 24, 2020). Serving as a further foundation for a future program, records from a number of databases and reports were mined for observations of odonates on and around HHLT properties, resulting in lists for each property. Lastly, I provide some recommendations and considerations for establishing an Odonata monitoring program at HHLT, based on reviews of available protocols and published literature.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>The Haliburton Highlands Land Trust recognizes invasive species as critical components of monitoring biodiversity. With this, they seek to determine which invasive terrestrial plant species have been sighted on the HHLT properties, which species could be present and and how the HHLT should be monitoring for invasive plant species. In order to become more informed in these areas, the HHLT has posed three questions that guide the research of the report. These questions are as follows; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) What invasive species have been sighted on or in lands adjacent to the HHLT properties: Fred and Pearl Barry Wetland, Barnum Creek Nature Reserve, Dahl Forest, Smith Forest, and Norah’s Island. &lt;br /&gt;2) What invasive species could exist on or in lands adjacent to any of the above-mentioned properties? &lt;br /&gt;3) What monitoring protocols are used by similar organizations and could be implemented by the HHLT to monitor their properties for invasive species? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The purpose of this project is to answer each of the HHLT research questions in order to better inform the land trust of the threat of invasive plants and potential ways to approach monitoring them in the future.</text>
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                <text>This project aims to examine bird observations and monitoring on the properties of the Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT). By examining observations on their properties, HHLT can learn about the species themselves and gain insight into their properties' ecosystem dynamics as a whole. Particularly concerning more sensitive species, as having data on their presence can provide information on habitat quality. Likewise, the monitoring recommendations included should help foster long-term monitoring protocols into the future.</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study is to further determine the development potential of these vacant lots. Its goal is to determine development potential, which takes into consideration a sustainable approach not only to the natural environment, but also to maintaining the rural lifestyle in safe livable communities. Through this research, it has been determined that the majority of the development potential in the municipality of Highlands East, as well the Township of Algonquin Highlands, will be mainly residential. This is partly a result of the numerous bodies of water and protected wetlands in these areas which would be impacted by large scale commercial developments, but this does not mean that of this area potential for commercial development is not ruled out entirely. Such development will require an Environmental Assessment Study, to determine if the land is, in fact, subject to reclassification. The County of Haliburton, as a whole, is preparing for an increase of five to six thousand new permanent residents within the next twenty years, which means the need for ensuring sustainable development is important in an aging community like the Haliburton County.</text>
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Lindsay Dixon</text>
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                <text>Over 2019-20, Fourth Year Trent International Development Studies (IDST) students Sarah Cumming and Lindsay Dixon undertook a full-term, large-scale research project on how to better engage and retain the young adult population in Minden Hills. &#13;
&#13;
Hosted by the Township of Minden Hills (Emily Stonehouse) and supervised by IDST faculty Derya Terhan, students gathered and analyzed data from their literature review, a 2019 local community consultation, an online survey and several telephone surveys. &#13;
&#13;
This report was designed to equip the Township of Minden Hills with a foundation for up-to-date research and to suggest initiatives as support for change. &#13;
&#13;
Highlights from the Study:&#13;
&#13;
·         The top four factors for the study participants in deciding where to live were Employment, Family Ties, the Physical Environment and Housing; &#13;
&#13;
·         59% of participants felt engaged in the community of Minden Hills and the largest group within that (46%), only felt somewhat engaged;&#13;
&#13;
·         Leaving their community to go to high school in Haliburton means young adults in other townships may start feeling disconnected from an early age;&#13;
&#13;
·         Recreational programming for young adults was seen as limited, and often geared towards the senior population and during working hours;&#13;
&#13;
·         A shortage of evening entertainment activities led to feelings of isolation;&#13;
&#13;
·         There is a lack of formal support systems for youth employment in the County;&#13;
&#13;
·         Increased internet access was identified by several survey participants in the open-ended questions - as “what is important to this age group is the ability to network easily”;&#13;
&#13;
·         While literature findings did not find it to be a significant factor in attracting young adults, study participants felt as though Minden Hill’s natural beauty and rural location had a positive influence in their decision where to live.&#13;
&#13;
Page 35 of the report includes a table of recommendations that the Township of Minden Hills can consider in their strategic planning going forward.</text>
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                <text>The Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park has reported over 15,500 metres of trails that have been degraded to some degree from prior all-terrain vehicle use. These trails have experienced soil erosion, with additional impacts potentially including soil compaction and declines in vegetative health. Proposed remediation strategies include mulching, tillage, planting native vegetation, decreasing trail traffic, and creating an invasive species management plan. The level of degradation on the trails was completed using visual analysis conducted by a park ranger, which overall lacks objectivity. Creating a more standardized classification system for the park is highly suggested, as well as a re-evaluation of trail degradation. Templates for trail assessments are included that can be adapted to the needs of the Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park, as well as some recommended strategies for trail remediation based on a literature analysis.</text>
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                <text>Abbey Gardens plan to create a new trail through their property and was interested in the creation of trail signage that encouraged visitors to learn about and engage with nature. This report includes the 5 signs proposed by the student research team, as well as background info that can be accessed by the community or used by Abbey Gardens during any guided visits to enrich the experience. The first sign is welcome sign and points out some key plant and animal species on the trail. The second sign focuses on how nature changes with the seasons and the accompanying report section goes into detail about the tree species on the trail and their seasonal patterns. The third sign focuses on mindfulness in nature and provides several activities to connect with and observe the nature around you. The fourth sign is all about beavers and how the behave through the seasons. The fifth and final sign is centred on a variety of species of woodpeckers you may be lucky enough to see at Abbey Gardens and how to tell them apart. </text>
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                <text>Feasibility of a Garden Tourism Project at Abbey Gardens</text>
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                <text>Recreation &amp; Tourism &#13;
Environmental Studies&#13;
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                <text>Abbey gardens is interested in exploring the potential for a garden tourism project on their property. Garden tourism is defined as a type of tourism that involves travelling away from one’s home to spend time/money in an area designated for horticulture by the property owner. Tourists visit gardens of cultural, historical, or educational significance, as well as gardens with events and programming (e.g. shows and festivals). A study from the mid-2000s found that over 3 million Canadians participated in garden tourism that year as part of a multi-day vacation. This report looks at other Canadian garden tourism operation that may be comparable to what Abbey Gardens is envisioning for their property, including: Plant Paradise Country Gardens in Caledon, Ontario; Landman Gardens and Bakery in Grand Valley, Ontario; Whistling Gardens in Wilsonville, Ontario; Redford Gardens in Grand Metis, Quebec; Edward Gardens in Toronto, Ontario; and, Coventry Gardens in Windsor, Ontario. The features deemed most suitable for consideration for Abbey Gardens to include in any tourism garden plans (besides plants of course!) include an outdoor venues space that could be used for live music and other events, and a rockery garden area. </text>
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                <text>Kerrie Shende&#13;
Joshua Wyard</text>
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                <text>Five sites on the shores of Lake Kashagawigamog were sampled in the fall of 2019 to determine the community composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of the lake. Results were inconclusive, but revealed that there is likely some form of disturbance taking place within the lake. The report recommends additional years of sampling take place in order to determine the health of the lake with greater certainty.</text>
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                <text>Ecology, Biology, Environmental Science, Water Science</text>
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                <text>Calcium is a vital nutrient for plant growth and ecosystem function, both aquatic and terrestrial. The decline of calcium in lakes and soils is occurring in watersheds across the boreal shield, as a result of acid deposition and land use practices such as silviculture. The decline of calcium is concerning because it can cause major changes to food webs and ecosystem functioning. Nutrient contents in catchment soils are connected to the levels seen in lakes through interactions between soil surfaces and surface waters in the riparian zones of watersheds, as well as the biological, geological, and meteorological processes occurring throughout the watershed.&#13;
In response to the concerns over calcium decline expressed by members of the KLCA, a literature review was conducted in 2019 to raise awareness for the mechanisms, consequences, and mitigation options of calcium decline. Building on that momentum, this study seeks to assess the current state of calcium pools in the Kawagama Lake watershed and make recommendations for mitigation efforts.</text>
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                <text>One site on Kennisis Lake and one site on Johnson Lake were sampled in order to assist in determining the health of Kennisis Lake. The Johnson Lake site was used as a reference as Johnson Lake has very little development compared to Kennisis Lake. The results of the project are inconclusive. More sites on Kennisis Lake need to be sampled in order to gain a better understanding of the health of the lake as a whole. Additional years of sampling are also required in order to ensure natural variability between and within sites can be accounted for.</text>
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                <text>Six sites along the shoreline of Kawagama Lake were sampled in the fall of 2019 to determine the composition of their benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Results from the project were inconclusive, but show that Kawagama Lake has some relatively pristine areas of shoreline with little to no disturbance. The project authors recommend that sampling continues in the fall of each year in order to determine the overall health of Kawagama Lake with more certainty.</text>
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Devin Claypole&#13;
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                <text>Salamanders are an important part in any biotic community. There is great concern regarding the decline of salamanders as a whole and not just one individual species however monitoring these species requires that we have an idea on the current populations so that we can continue to monitor and implement conservation strategies with enough time before these species are lost (Smith &amp; Petranka, 2000).&#13;
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                <text>Gull Lake is a small water body located in the southeastern part of Haliburton County, Ontario. It is part of the Gull River watershed, located in the Canadian Shield, with water inflow coming from lakes and rivers situated northeast of the site. Three sites were sampled for benthos and were based on a previous study conducted in 2013. Results indicated that disturbances are possible, but more sampling is required in order to determine the baseline health of the lake.</text>
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                <text>This project is a part of a larger program aimed at determining the health of Haliburton County’s lakes through the use of benthic macroinvertebrates. The Halls and Hawk Lake Property Owners Association (HHLPOA) was interested in determining the health of their lakes through the collection and analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates; small, spineless organisms that live on the lake bottom. After consultation with the HHLPOA, Ian McBain sampled the selected sites along the shoreline of Halls Lake, identified any benthos down to order, then analyzed the data using internationally recognized indices. While this project is still in its preliminary phase and many years of data are required to determine the health of the lake with any certainty, Ian’s analysis showed that Halls Lake is of adequate health but could likely improve further. A continuation of this project will take place during the Fall of 2020.</text>
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                <text>This six-part follow-up project is an assessment of Haliburton Forest’s main parking area and includes recommendations to revitalize the space. Part 1 details the history and current state of the forest, establishes a vision for the project, includes a site inventory, and examines site potential and potential challenges. Part 2 contains a detailed literature review of ‘green’ parking lot design and maintenance options including de-icers and dust suppressants options, invasive species management, rainwater capture technology, and innovative pavement options. In Part 3, various potential design options are presented and discussed.&#13;
&#13;
The final site design is presented in Part 4 and followed by Part 5 which summarizes the material and immaterial costs of the design. This section also discusses the benefits associated with the design. The final section, Part 6, provides environmental, social, and economic frameworks and discussions that justify the designs implementation. The final plan includes details for the inclusion of a pavilion, playgrounds, planters, a submarine display, a bird garden, signage, and pervious asphalt (which offers improved drainage over regular paving).</text>
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                <text>QEII MOOSE SPECIES SUMMARY:&#13;
Examining the Natural and Cultural Significance of the Eastern Moose (Alces alces americana) in Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park&#13;
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                <text>The purpose of this project is to provide an overview of the role of moose in QEII and insights into best management practices. Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park in a non-operating park in South-Central Ontario and falls within two wildlife management unit (WMU). The 33,505-hectare park is mostly with WMU 56, with the northwestern portion of the park being in WMU 53. The park is a mixed wood ecozone and is used for canoeing, hiking, and backcountry camping. The eastern moose plays an important role within this ecosystem as food for large predators, by contributing to nutrient cycling, and as natural vegetation control. They also have cultural significance, especially for the 30 Indigenous communities in the area.&#13;
​&#13;
The range of eastern moose includes eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. In Ontario, they can be found in northern and central Ontario. Their habitat requirements include areas for foraging, travelling, and for shelter and calving. For their diet they need year-round access to both evergreen and deciduous trees, as well as to aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands in the warmer months. Moose populations in the area have been in decline since the 1990s. The primary factors in moose mortality are climate change, parasites, vehicle collisions, habitat loss, and hunting. Management opportunities include remote sensing, evaluating the need for rut season closures and/or buffers around critical habitat features, opportunities for co-management with local Indigenous communities, and exploring adaptive measure to reduce the climate vulnerability of the eastern moose.</text>
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