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                <text>This report will provide information and guidance to the Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT) on determining which surveying tools are most suitable for long-term monitoring of biodiversity within the 5 listed nature reserves. The following will be identified for each nature reserve: &lt;br /&gt;◊ Background &lt;br /&gt;◊ Ecology &lt;br /&gt;◊ Significant Identified Species &lt;br /&gt;◊ Species at Risk &lt;br /&gt;◊ Identified Eco-sites &lt;br /&gt;◊ Bio-indicators &lt;br /&gt;◊ Surveying &amp;amp; Monitoring Tools &lt;br /&gt;◊ Resources &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This report will aid in fulfilling the following goals as stated by the HHLT: &lt;br /&gt;◊ Understand the range of possibilities for surveying and monitoring natural areas and the extent of such experiences in Ontario &lt;br /&gt;◊ Identify the information available and needed to design surveys and monitoring programs using permanent sample plots for Ontario natural areas &lt;br /&gt;◊ Explore options for a long-term partnership between Trent</text>
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                <text>Abbey Struyk, Emma Phillips, and Matt Susac</text>
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                <text>The Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT) is a nonprofit organization that owns and protects approximately 1300 acres of land in Haliburton County, Ontario. Five separate properties constitute the land trust, including the Dahl Forest, Smith Forest, Norah’s Island, Fred &amp; Pearl Barry Wetland Reserve, and Barnum Creek Nature Reserve. Land trusts are instrumental in the conservation of native flora and fauna, and are often focused on the protection of a specific type of habitat (Brewer, 2003). The HHLT is unique in that all four types of wetlands (marsh, bog, fen, and swamp) are found on the properties (Haliburton Highlands Land Trust – 2020 Climate Change Project, 2021). Natural wetlands are crucial as they act as sinks for carbon sequestration (Mitsch, 2013), and play an active role in the cycling of important nutrients like nitrogen (Fennessy, Rokosch &amp; Mack, 2008). Wetlands also provide habitats for a variety of animals including mammals like beavers and minks, rare bird species, and a range of amphibians (Gibbs, 2000). Knowing this, the HHLT has made great strides in the conservation of many animals that call their property home. From bats to turtles, the Haliburton Highlands Land Trust has orchestrated many projects focused on the monitoring and protection of Ontario’s native species.</text>
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                <text>Kaitlyn Fleming</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Glebe Park</text>
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                <text>Insects are a large group of arthropods that play essential roles in our environment,&#13;
including cycling nutrients, pollinating plants, acting as a food source for other taxa, and many&#13;
more. However, regarding non-environmental applications, insects play important roles in&#13;
forensic entomology. Although well-studied in urban regions, there is a lack of biodiversity&#13;
information on blowfly species in rural habitats. Therefore, this study aimed to determine&#13;
blowfly species composition in Haliburton, Ontario. Four bottle traps were set up across three&#13;
different types of forests in Glebe Park between July 1st to September 2nd, 2022. In the family&#13;
Calliphoridae, we report 11 species: Lucilia illustris, Phormia regina, Calliphora livida, Lucilia&#13;
silvarum, Lucilia coeruleiviridis, Calliphora vicina, Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vomitoria,&#13;
Cynomya cadaverina, Calliphora terraenovae, and Protophormia terraenovae. We examined if&#13;
several environmental variables affected species abundance and composition. We found&#13;
accumulated degree days above 0°C, numeric date, total precipitation (14 days), and humidity&#13;
affect species abundance. However, none of the variables examined (forest type, elevation, and&#13;
distance from the water) seemed to affect species composition. Our results align with previous&#13;
research in which accumulated degree days affected Calliphoridae abundance. The results of this&#13;
study can help answer questions in forensic entomology, such as calculating post-mortem&#13;
intervals, stages of decomposition, and determining if a body has been moved from its original&#13;
location.</text>
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                <text>2006</text>
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                <text>Aggregated Extraction in Haliburton County: A preliminary investigation into the rehabilitation of regional pits and quarries</text>
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                <text>Wetlands provide a host of biological, social, hydrological, and cultural services, though they are being destroyed at an alarming rate in Ontario in the name of human development. The only way for a wetland to be fully protected from development is it being designated as provincially significant under the Ontario Wetland Evaluation System (OWES), created by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF). This study conducted a preliminary assessment of the wetland on the northwestern edge of Grace Lake to determine if there is merit for its designation as provincially significant following a formal environmental impact assessment.&#13;
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Environmental Studies&#13;
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                <text>Abbey gardens is interested in exploring the potential for a garden tourism project on their property. Garden tourism is defined as a type of tourism that involves travelling away from one’s home to spend time/money in an area designated for horticulture by the property owner. Tourists visit gardens of cultural, historical, or educational significance, as well as gardens with events and programming (e.g. shows and festivals). A study from the mid-2000s found that over 3 million Canadians participated in garden tourism that year as part of a multi-day vacation. This report looks at other Canadian garden tourism operation that may be comparable to what Abbey Gardens is envisioning for their property, including: Plant Paradise Country Gardens in Caledon, Ontario; Landman Gardens and Bakery in Grand Valley, Ontario; Whistling Gardens in Wilsonville, Ontario; Redford Gardens in Grand Metis, Quebec; Edward Gardens in Toronto, Ontario; and, Coventry Gardens in Windsor, Ontario. The features deemed most suitable for consideration for Abbey Gardens to include in any tourism garden plans (besides plants of course!) include an outdoor venues space that could be used for live music and other events, and a rockery garden area. </text>
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                <text>Report of a survey conducted for Haliburton Highlands Health Services regarding health issues and needs in the area. Continuing evaluation of HHHS and health care needs in the Haliburton Highlands. Expands on TP-393.</text>
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                <text>Life and health care are influenced by living in a rural community. The community is an important source of information about what services are needed and what existing services need improvement. The current study posed 12 questions, covering general demographic information, the availability of family physicians, the role of the nurse practitioner, the adequacy of present health services, and the importance of health care services in the next 5 to 10 years. 1013 telephone numbers were chosen at random from the Haliburton Highlands section of the 2004/2005 telephone book to take part in the telephone survey, resulting in 89 responses. All survey responses were translated into numeric data and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The frequency counts and percentages were calculated and arranged from the most adequate or important health care needs to the least adequate or 3 important. In addition, Chi-Square analyses were used to determine the gender and age differences in health care needs. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The percentage of all participants who felt a particular health services was adequate ranged from a high of 80.4% for emergency services such as emergency room, 911, and EMS (ranked #1) to a low of 19.3% for family physician (ranked #16). The percentage of all participants who indicated a particular health services as an important health service ranged from a high of 96.6 % for emergency services such as emergency room, 911, and EMS (ranked #1) to a low of 21.6 % for services for substance abuse (ranked #16). The three most important services for the future in Haliburton County were identified as emergency services, family physicians, and dental care services. While both emergency services and dental care services were ranked high in adequacy and importance, family physicians were ranked high in importance and low in adequacy. This suggests that the recruitment and retention of family physicians and/or nurse practitioners should be a high priority.</text>
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                <text>Haliburton Forest &amp;amp; Wildlife Reserve has a long history of snowmobiling and relies heavily on the income that this activity brings in during the winter months. Because of this, it is probably not feasible to immediately end snowmobiling within Haliburton Forest if in fact the machine's impact is significant. For this reason, recommendations made in literary papers have been collected to help lessen the potential impact of snowmobiling on wildlife within Haliburton Forest. The effects of noise on ungulates, subnivean mammals, predators, fish, and wildlife in general has been collected from various sources and summarized in this research paper. Recommendations have also been made for measuring noise emissions in Haliburton Forest.</text>
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Geography &#13;
Recreation &amp; Tourism</text>
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                <text>The second year of a three year baseline study into the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of Kashagawigamog Lake</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Forest health surveys have been done worldwide to provide relevant data on the current health of forests and provide long-term analyses of changes in the ecosystem. This has been shown to help early identification of disturbances and prevent future harm. In this report, students from Trent University set up eight Permanent Sampling Plots (PSPs) in the Barnum Creek Nature Reserve to collect forest health data for the Haliburton Highlands Land Trust. This field data collected includes tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, canopy class, species presence, downed woody debris characteristics, and tree defects. Field data was then analyzed to determine the distribution of DBH and stem defects, relative stem density, basal area per hectare, and proportion of downed woody debris versus decomposition class for each site. This data allowed students to conclude that it is a sugar maple-eastern white cedar-dominated forest with good diversity and valued habitat for wildlife. One concern noted is the high presence of closed wounds on the trees. In completing the analysis of data, students recommend to the HHLT that they continue to pursue goals in protecting and maintaining the forests, and having the public keep good stewardship of the land.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Amanda Curran, Alexa Wilkes, Emilia Violin</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, 12 Mile and Little Boshkung Lakes</text>
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                <text>Benthic biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Glamor Lake Cottagers’ Association, Dave Taylor</text>
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                <text>Jennifer Kerswill, Biology</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>on-line</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County</text>
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                <text>Environmental Studies, Monitoring</text>
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                <text>The first year of a three year baseline assessment of benthic macroinvertebrate communities on Glamor Lake.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Kennisis Lake Shoreline Inventory Project - Phase 2</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this project is to perform an inventory of the shoreline on Kennisis Lake using the previously developed and updated "Shoreline Classification Scorecard." This inventory will allow changes to the shoreline and development to be documented over time and the connection to water quality to be monitored. This project will provide KLCOA with information about the overall status of shoreline health on Kennisis Lake as well as help encourage cottagers to take an interest in their impact.</text>
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                <text>Changes in support for adults with intellectual disabilities</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County Association for Community Living&lt;br /&gt;Host contact: O'Hara, Maureen</text>
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                <text>The focus of the paper is the history of services and support for people with intellectual disabilities in Canada from the years before 1960 through to the present time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Treatment of such people within institutions and the terminology used in describing mental disabilities are looked at as well as the role of advocacy groups and government in the handling and treatment of this portion of our society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Specific references to Haliburton County and the development of the Haliburton County Association for Community Living are found throughout.</text>
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                <text>Trent University, the Haliburton Lake Cottagers Association</text>
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                <text>This project contributes to the Woodlands and Waterways Ecowatch program, which is overseen by U-Links. The goal of this program is to monitor and gather data on the health of forest and aquatic ecosystems within the Haliburton region. This data will then be used to aid in the planning and management of these ecosystems, to ensure they are in good health for future generations. The purpose of the Haliburton Lake benthic assessment is to gather data on the baseline composition of the benthic communities found within the lake to determine the health of the ecosystem. This is the third year this project has been conducted, so previous years data will be compared to the current findings to identify trends within the benthic communities present.  This will help to determine the current state of the lake and aid in developing future management strategies. </text>
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                <text>Abbey Gardens Rehabilitation of Gravel Pit Site through Apple Crop Expansion Report</text>
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                <text>Andrew Hodgson &amp; Jason Ronaldi</text>
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Environmental Science / Studies</text>
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                <text>Tom Whillans, Trent School of the Environment</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this report is to provide Abbey Gardens with a recommended plan to introduce a mass crop on one of the abandoned gravel pits which is situated on their property. The client is looking to expand their pre-existing horticulture operation. This would be in the form of an apple orchard. The addition of a new apple orchard will expand Abbey Gardens’ current agri-tourism and provide additional economic, educational and environmental benefits through the development of the new horticultural products. The recommendations contained in this report are the result of a project undertaken by third-year Trent University students who conducted the research and evaluated the potential for an apple orchard that is suitable for agricultural zones 3 and 4. Divided into several sections, this report provides the client with recommendations for planting requirements and crop management; tourism potential; and marketing opportunities.</text>
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        <name>CBR</name>
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        <name>habitat restoration</name>
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        <name>horticulture</name>
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        <name>rehabilitation</name>
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        <name>Trent University</name>
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                <text>Social Justice Stories:Analyzing the Effects of Criminal Diversion Programs on Young Adults with Mental Health Issues</text>
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                <text>A study on the mental health diversion program and its impact on young adults with mental health issues as well as the community.</text>
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                <text>Angela Skopyk</text>
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                <text>Four Counties Regional Human Service and Justice Committee, &lt;span&gt;Laurie and Green Dave Jarvis&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>The mental health diversion program in the Four Counties region services many individuals, some of which are young adults between the ages of 18-25. The HSJCC has expressed a desire to study the impact the program has on young adults with mental health issues as well as the community. Aspects of the program were examined such as: the options and costs associated with the program, services utilized by the clients during and after diversion, recidivism, factors that contribute to the crime and court decision, the success rate of the program, and the pressures it places on the court and correction systems. It was determined that the cost of diversion is much lower than incarceration, which in turn contributes positively to the community. Although recidivism rates and an evaluation of services used after diversion is complete were not established, the success rate of the program has shown to be quite high for these young adults. Upon completion of the study, two of the most prominent recommendations made to improve the program were: to implement a follow-up procedure to collect further data on the recidivism rates and services used by clients after their diversion and to introduce pre-charge diversion throughout the Four Counties. Overall, this mental health diversion program has shown to be efficient and beneficial to the client and the community.</text>
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                <text>TP-662</text>
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            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Four Counties</text>
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        <name>community service</name>
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        <name>Court diversion</name>
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        <name>Diversion</name>
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        <name>Mental health</name>
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        <name>Recidivism</name>
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                <text>Blue-Green Algae Mitigation Strategies</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Angelo Pilolla, Brittany Latimer, Vedant Paresh Badheka, Andrew Bunn</text>
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                <text>Miskwabi Area Community Association, Peter Dilworth</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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                <text>There has been noticeable damage occurring to the trees along the shoreline of Head Lake and Rotary Park, so a plan was developed for recommendations on the best ways to maintain sustainable tree development at Head Lake Park. The research will address the following questions: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• What tree damage and loss is occurring along the shoreline in the park, and what are the possible causes? &lt;br /&gt;• What species of trees currently exist on the shoreline in the park?&lt;br /&gt;• How can the existing trees be protected from further damage and loss? &lt;br /&gt;• What is the recommended species and management plan for future sustainable tree maintenance in the park? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To answer these questions, a field study was developed to assess the current state of the shoreline trees and included assessments of tree damage, tree species, tree density, tree health and the quality of the soil. This project will examine the extent of the damage that has been inflicted on the trees along the shoreline at Head Lake Park and provide recommendations based on the field observations, laboratory and literary analysis.</text>
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                <text>Haliburton Highlands Land Trust, Greg Wickware</text>
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                <text>Developing a foundation for the long-term monitoring of club moss biodiversity in the Haliburton Highlands is essential for monitoring the health of the surrounding ecosystem. For each of our recommended species (Lycopodium clavatum, Lycopodium lagopus, and Huperzia lucidula) having a standardized monitoring protocol for when and how to monitor these species should ensure consistency, reduce bias, and maintain accurate data that portray the conditions of the Haliburton Highlands area. We suggest that using a variation of the permanent quadrat monitoring method as described throughout Section 6 in “Monitoring Protocols Utilized by Similar Organizations”, would be the most viable and efficient method. This suggestion is based on its replicability, consistency, cost effectiveness and overall simplicity for homeowners or volunteers to complete themselves. In conclusion, we suggest that possible future studies should be focused on how club mosses are reproducing in the Haliburton Highlands in order to be able to determine when, where, and how these vascular plants are establishing colonies.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Proposed Trail for Eastern Bluebird Nesting and Monitoring in Haliburton, Ontario</text>
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                <text>Haliburton, Minden Hills</text>
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                <text>The Haliburton Highlands Field Naturalists (HHFN) requested recommendations on constructing an eastern bluebird nesting and monitoring trail along Gelert Road from Haliburton to Minden Hills, Ontario. Gelert Road has 39 potential site locations that would be ideal to place nesting boxes on, located in grassland, farmland and well maintained private yards. The sites are placed along private land and once approved, would be accessible to volunteers monitoring the nesting boxes. The boxes should be easy and economical to build and mount. They should have a 3.81cm entrance hole with grooves on the outside of the box to allow the fledglings to leave the nest. The boxes should be placed at least 92 m apart, facing southeast in open areas with little ground cover. They should be numbered and monitored approximately every 4-5 days during egg laying, incubating and nesting periods. Monitoring should be completed from a distance once the fledglings are 12-13 days old in order to prevent them from leaving the nest prematurely. Detailed monitoring records should be kept and filed through HHFN. To increase feasibility of this trail, high school students, community members and HHFN members can come together to speak with landowners, build, place and monitor nesting boxes.</text>
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                <text>There's what in my water? Microplastic&#13;
pollution in Haliburton County Lakes</text>
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