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                <text>Pre/post event biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Abbey Gardens, a non-profit organization located in Haliburton County, Ontario, is dedicated to educating the public about eco-friendly agricultural practices and environmentally sustainable living. As part of their initiatives, Abbey Gardens has restored a 3.45-acre patch of land within their property to a tallgrass prairie (TGP) habitat. This restoration project involved the installation of native shrubs, flowers, and grasses characteristic of natural TGPs, and the area has been actively managed since its inception. The objective of this study is to assess the ecological success of the restored TGP habitat through biological monitoring. While the computed biotic indices did not exhibit strong significance due to a limited sample size and restricted sampling period, the overall ecological state of Abbey Gardens' TGP is promisingly functional. The restoration and management efforts have effectively transformed a once barren car park into a thriving ecosystem. This successful restoration project provides valuable insights that can be applied to revitalizing the fragmented and endangered tallgrass prairies across Southern Ontario.</text>
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                <text>The Ontario Benthic Biomonitoring Network (OBBN) employs an effects-based approach using macroinvertebrate-based sampling to assess ecosystem health. This study utilizes benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to understand the ecosystem health of Koshlong Lake in Ontario. The OBBN protocol categorizes macroinvertebrates into 27 groups based on taxonomic classification, providing a comprehensive understanding of the benthic community. Water chemistry analysis and examination of macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance calculations are also included, with the results being contrasted against proportions of sensitive taxa and their correlated "typical" ranges for the region. The presence of the invasive Spiny Waterflea is noted but not extensively studied in this project. Furthermore, diversity index values align with observations from other lakes in the region, indicating a healthy ecosystem. However, additional data collected over at least five years is necessary to establish long-term trends and determine if the observed values represent typical conditions for Koshlong Lake. Collaborating with the Koshlong Lake Association, this study provides valuable insights into the stressors and overall health of the lake ecosystem.</text>
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                <text>Brandon Johnson, Jasmin Wakeling, Emily Hall, Claire Vandervoort, Alex Atkins</text>
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                <text>Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT), Ralph Baehre &amp; Shelley Hunt</text>
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                <text>Tom Whillans</text>
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                <text>Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT), Haliburton County,</text>
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                <text>Wetland monitoring</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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          <element elementId="143">
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                <text>The Fred &amp; Pearl Barry Wetland Reserve is a 100 acre property that includes&#13;
approximately 62 acres of wetland. It was donated to HHLT in 2012 by Dennis Barry.&#13;
The property is located at the southern end of South Lake, in the Township of Minden&#13;
Hills, Haliburton. The area is located at the headwaters of the provincially significant&#13;
wetland, the Kendrick Creek Wetland Complex, which feeds into the Irondale and Burnt&#13;
Rivers. In 2021, in cooperation with Glenside Ecological Services LTD this wetland&#13;
reserve was designated within a large wildlife corridor, The Highlands Corridor, and was&#13;
recognized to have features that are resilient to the effects of climate change. The&#13;
wetland reserve’s land was donated in 2012 by Dennis Barry through the Government&#13;
of Canada’s Ecological gifts program (HHLT, 2023). Unfortunately, due to the relative&#13;
sensitivity of the wetland and the mixed terrain that can pose safety risks to humans, it&#13;
is not available to the public</text>
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                <text>Julie Prentice, Carrie McDonald, Avery Scott</text>
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                <text>Bob Lake Association, Jim Hyland</text>
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                <text>Tom Whillans</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Bob Lake</text>
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                <text>Benthic biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Bob Lake is an inland lake located in Minden, Ontario, that is home to the Bob Lake&#13;
Association. We completed a benthic macroinvertebrate assessment of the lake&#13;
following Ontario Benthic Biomonitoring Network (OBBN) protocol using samples&#13;
collected in the fall of 2022. The goal of this assessment is to contribute to a 5-year&#13;
study establishing the baseline conditions of Bob Lake and the benthic invertebrate&#13;
communities that inhabit it. Only one year has been completed prior to the submission&#13;
of this report, which accounts for the second year. The results of this research will&#13;
contribute to lake monitoring data and advise the Bob Lake Association on future lake&#13;
management decisions. Using the random teaspoon sampling method, we identified&#13;
100 invertebrates from each replicate of the three sites sampled. We then evaluated the&#13;
results of each site using several indices of species diversity and richness. Our&#13;
evaluation shows that the lake conditions are within a normal range for the Haliburton&#13;
area, but the remaining three years of this study must be completed to effectively&#13;
confirm these results.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text> Loon Habitat and Mortality Study</text>
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                <text>Bob Lake Association, Brenda Brouwers</text>
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                <text>April 2023</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>This study focuses on the declining population of loon chicks in Bob and Little Bob Lake, located in Haliburton County, Ontario. Despite the presence of breeding pairs, residents have observed a significant decrease in the number of loon chicks over the past few years, raising concerns about potential underlying issues.  To address this, several suggestions for future actions are proposed within this report. Raising awareness about the decline in the loon population is crucial, and educational efforts targeting residents can inspire them to take actions to mitigate threats such as litter or boat wake. Implementing signage in vulnerable areas, similar to successful initiatives on Miskwabi Lake, can contribute to protecting the loons. By implementing these suggested measures, it is hoped that the declining population of loon chicks in Bob and Little Bob Lake can be addressed and reversed, ensuring the long-term conservation of these iconic bird species. </text>
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                <text>Dorothy T., Shannon T., Natasha A. C., Ashley M., Selena K., Avery S.</text>
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                <text>Halls and Hawk Lake Property Owners Association, Peter Dadzis</text>
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                <text>Dr. Kaitlyn Fleming, Environmental Science and Studies</text>
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                    <text>The purpose of this project is to collect benthic macroinvertebrate (also referred to as “benthics”or “benthos”) data to determine the health of Kabakwa Lake. Benthos are small spineless organisms that reside on the bottom of water bodies among sediments and aquatic plants. Due to their fairly stationary nature, they live most, if not all of their lives in the same area on the lake bottom close to shores. This makes them ideal indicator species as they are heavily influenced by organic and inorganic pollution and disturbances in the water. Benthos provide insight into the current state of water and habitat quality and can be measured every year to determine trends in lake health. 2022 marks the second year of sampling on Kabakwa Lake.&#13;
&#13;
The benthos community counts are input into select indices (percent EOT and Simpson's Diversity Index) to identify yearly trends and to calculate the health of the water. &#13;
&#13;
This project is being completed in partnership with the Halls and Hawks Property Owners&#13;
Association (HHPOA). It is hoped that the data collected on the sites contributes to the proper management of the lakes and their ongoing health.</text>
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                <text>Odonata monitoring of Haliburton Highlands Land Trust properties: fauna and protocols</text>
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                <text>Ryan Hill</text>
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                <text>The following report has been written to assist Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT) in initiating an Odonata monitoring program on their properties. A list of 111 recorded species for Haliburton County along with a few other expected species (Poropat, 2020) make up what HHLT could expect to see on their properties during monitoring (Poropat, personal communication, September 24, 2020). Serving as a further foundation for a future program, records from a number of databases and reports were mined for observations of odonates on and around HHLT properties, resulting in lists for each property. Lastly, I provide some recommendations and considerations for establishing an Odonata monitoring program at HHLT, based on reviews of available protocols and published literature.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Long-Term Invasive Species Monitoring: Haliburton Highlands Land Trust Invasive Plants</text>
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                <text>Kolten Hooper</text>
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                <text>The Haliburton Highlands Land Trust recognizes invasive species as critical components of monitoring biodiversity. With this, they seek to determine which invasive terrestrial plant species have been sighted on the HHLT properties, which species could be present and and how the HHLT should be monitoring for invasive plant species. In order to become more informed in these areas, the HHLT has posed three questions that guide the research of the report. These questions are as follows; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) What invasive species have been sighted on or in lands adjacent to the HHLT properties: Fred and Pearl Barry Wetland, Barnum Creek Nature Reserve, Dahl Forest, Smith Forest, and Norah’s Island. &lt;br /&gt;2) What invasive species could exist on or in lands adjacent to any of the above-mentioned properties? &lt;br /&gt;3) What monitoring protocols are used by similar organizations and could be implemented by the HHLT to monitor their properties for invasive species? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The purpose of this project is to answer each of the HHLT research questions in order to better inform the land trust of the threat of invasive plants and potential ways to approach monitoring them in the future.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>The Birds of The Haliburton Highlands: Species Present and How to Monitor Them</text>
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                <text>This project aims to examine bird observations and monitoring on the properties of the Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT). By examining observations on their properties, HHLT can learn about the species themselves and gain insight into their properties' ecosystem dynamics as a whole. Particularly concerning more sensitive species, as having data on their presence can provide information on habitat quality. Likewise, the monitoring recommendations included should help foster long-term monitoring protocols into the future.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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Geography</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study is to further determine the development potential of these vacant lots. Its goal is to determine development potential, which takes into consideration a sustainable approach not only to the natural environment, but also to maintaining the rural lifestyle in safe livable communities. Through this research, it has been determined that the majority of the development potential in the municipality of Highlands East, as well the Township of Algonquin Highlands, will be mainly residential. This is partly a result of the numerous bodies of water and protected wetlands in these areas which would be impacted by large scale commercial developments, but this does not mean that of this area potential for commercial development is not ruled out entirely. Such development will require an Environmental Assessment Study, to determine if the land is, in fact, subject to reclassification. The County of Haliburton, as a whole, is preparing for an increase of five to six thousand new permanent residents within the next twenty years, which means the need for ensuring sustainable development is important in an aging community like the Haliburton County.</text>
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Hosted by the Township of Minden Hills (Emily Stonehouse) and supervised by IDST faculty Derya Terhan, students gathered and analyzed data from their literature review, a 2019 local community consultation, an online survey and several telephone surveys. &#13;
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Highlights from the Study:&#13;
&#13;
·         The top four factors for the study participants in deciding where to live were Employment, Family Ties, the Physical Environment and Housing; &#13;
&#13;
·         59% of participants felt engaged in the community of Minden Hills and the largest group within that (46%), only felt somewhat engaged;&#13;
&#13;
·         Leaving their community to go to high school in Haliburton means young adults in other townships may start feeling disconnected from an early age;&#13;
&#13;
·         Recreational programming for young adults was seen as limited, and often geared towards the senior population and during working hours;&#13;
&#13;
·         A shortage of evening entertainment activities led to feelings of isolation;&#13;
&#13;
·         There is a lack of formal support systems for youth employment in the County;&#13;
&#13;
·         Increased internet access was identified by several survey participants in the open-ended questions - as “what is important to this age group is the ability to network easily”;&#13;
&#13;
·         While literature findings did not find it to be a significant factor in attracting young adults, study participants felt as though Minden Hill’s natural beauty and rural location had a positive influence in their decision where to live.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Gull Lake is a small water body located in the southeastern part of Haliburton County, Ontario. It is part of the Gull River watershed, located in the Canadian Shield, with water inflow coming from lakes and rivers situated northeast of the site. Three sites were sampled for benthos and were based on a previous study conducted in 2013. Results indicated that disturbances are possible, but more sampling is required in order to determine the baseline health of the lake.</text>
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                <text>This project is a part of a larger program aimed at determining the health of Haliburton County’s lakes through the use of benthic macroinvertebrates. The Halls and Hawk Lake Property Owners Association (HHLPOA) was interested in determining the health of their lakes through the collection and analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates; small, spineless organisms that live on the lake bottom. After consultation with the HHLPOA, Ian McBain sampled the selected sites along the shoreline of Halls Lake, identified any benthos down to order, then analyzed the data using internationally recognized indices. While this project is still in its preliminary phase and many years of data are required to determine the health of the lake with any certainty, Ian’s analysis showed that Halls Lake is of adequate health but could likely improve further. A continuation of this project will take place during the Fall of 2020.</text>
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                <text>This six-part follow-up project is an assessment of Haliburton Forest’s main parking area and includes recommendations to revitalize the space. Part 1 details the history and current state of the forest, establishes a vision for the project, includes a site inventory, and examines site potential and potential challenges. Part 2 contains a detailed literature review of ‘green’ parking lot design and maintenance options including de-icers and dust suppressants options, invasive species management, rainwater capture technology, and innovative pavement options. In Part 3, various potential design options are presented and discussed.&#13;
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The final site design is presented in Part 4 and followed by Part 5 which summarizes the material and immaterial costs of the design. This section also discusses the benefits associated with the design. The final section, Part 6, provides environmental, social, and economic frameworks and discussions that justify the designs implementation. The final plan includes details for the inclusion of a pavilion, playgrounds, planters, a submarine display, a bird garden, signage, and pervious asphalt (which offers improved drainage over regular paving).</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this project is to provide an overview of the role of moose in QEII and insights into best management practices. Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park in a non-operating park in South-Central Ontario and falls within two wildlife management unit (WMU). The 33,505-hectare park is mostly with WMU 56, with the northwestern portion of the park being in WMU 53. The park is a mixed wood ecozone and is used for canoeing, hiking, and backcountry camping. The eastern moose plays an important role within this ecosystem as food for large predators, by contributing to nutrient cycling, and as natural vegetation control. They also have cultural significance, especially for the 30 Indigenous communities in the area.&#13;
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                <text>An Investigation into Plastic Consumption and Alternatives for the Haliburton County Farmers’ Market</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County Farmers' Market Association (HCFMA),&#13;
Angel Taylor &amp; Gus Janca</text>
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                <text>This project is an investigation into how single-use plastic consumptions can be reduced at Haliburton County Farmers’ Markets. It includes a literature review of existing alternatives to single-use plastics, surveys and interviews. HCFMA conducted vendor surveys, which Gallupe and Sallans then analyzed. The students also surveyed 145 market customers. Surveys focused on current market practices and opinions on potential improvements as the related to single-use plastics. Interview were also conducted with Market Managers from other Canadian farmers’ markets that have been working to lower their plastic consumption and distribution.&#13;
&#13;
The study showed that 41% of market vendors self-report already avoiding single-use plastics. The most commonly reported single use plastic item at the markets was plastic bags. Customer surveys showed general support for reducing plastic at the markets and that most respondents would be willing to pay slightly more for more sustainable packaging ($0.05-$1.00). Recommendations for HCFMA include posting infographic for customers, creating vendor policies around plastic use, and potentially implementing a reusable dishes program and washing station, and/or conducting a waste audit.</text>
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        <name>Trent University</name>
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                <text>‘Food Security for Seniors and Adults with Disabilities in Haliburton County’ is a study designed to research the barriers influencing the availability of healthy food for seniors and adults with disabilities in rural areas. Part of this project involved a survey with Community Care Haliburton clients and the other part involved interviewing program coordinators of food organizations and/or initiatives within the Haliburton County. The ultimate goal of the project was to gather enough information to seek funding to support further studies and to generate solutions to food security and barriers to accessing food. The study suggests that there is a strong demand for fresh fruits and vegetables for seniors and adults with disabilities, and finances are a major barrier for both clients and providers to obtain fresh fruits and vegetables. The capacity for organizations to store large amounts of produce is another major barrier for food organizations. Organizations and community members recognize the value in advocating for their selves and the community through partnership and innovation.</text>
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                <text>Monique Sheehan &amp; Brittany Pedersen</text>
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                <text>Municipality of Highlands East - Robyn Rogers</text>
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                <text>Green Burials are a recent initiative to support a more sustainable way of caring for the recently deceased. Specifically, “green, or natural burial, is a way of caring for the dead with minimal environmental impact that aids in the conservation of natural resources, reduction of carbon emissions, protection of worker health and the restoration and/or preservation of habitat,”(Green Burial Council, 2018). Green Burials ensure that the use of toxic materials are substituted for non-toxic and biodegradable materials. No embalming or concrete burial vaults, natural garments, natural burial sites, and minimal pesticides/herbicides enables the attempt to make death more environmentally and financially friendly. While traditional burial typically include costly expenses that include exoctic and chemically sprayed caskets as well as toxic embalming, Green Burials rarely exceed over $2,500 due to the biodegradable and locally forested caskets/shrouds. Green Burials allow for loved ones to rest in a natural resting place that is both cost-friendly and sustainable.</text>
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                <text>Biological Productivity and Sustainability of Apex Predator Fish Species in Horseshoe Lake: Final Report</text>
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                <text>Marcus Rice, Ajay Venkat, Lucas Young, Jack Moreau, Mac Marzolini, Beth Bekele</text>
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                <text>Environmental Science&#13;
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Fisheries&#13;
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                <text>Horseshoe Lake Property Owners' Association (HLPOA), Jeff Muirhead</text>
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                <text>The aim of this report will be addressed and accomplished through researching various characteristics (e.g. seasonal water level fluctuations and nutrient composition) of Horseshoe Lake and apex predatory fish that were identified by HLPOA. The report will first review the partnership programs involved in monitoring the health of Horseshoe Lake, particularly through analyzing parameters like total phosphorus (TP), calcium, turbidity, etc. Studies done on oligotrophic lakes with similar characteristics will also contribute to determining the survivability of certain apex predatory fish. The report will then review the life history of the apex predatory fish, which will help determine what type of lake ecosystems they can best adapt to. The effects of fishing pressures will also be identified for the purpose of contributing an understanding of tolerance levels of these fish. Lastly, an analysis of the benefits of wetlands for the survivability of these fish species will be provided to help determine if the provincially significant wetland (PSW) located within Horseshoe Lake will contribute to fish health.</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this research was to assess the interests and capacity of the local community for undertaking local climate change mitigation activities. To accomplish this, the researchers set out to identify opinion leaders in Haliburton County and interview them to develop an in-depth understanding of climate change in the County. Our primary goal was to understand the level of threat posed by climate change as perceived by opinion leaders in the Haliburton County community. Our second goal was to examine what level of community-led action these opinion leaders feel is necessary, and what they would be willing to support. Our final goal was to find out what the key barriers are to initiating and sustaining community-led action against climate change in Haliburton, and how these barriers might be overcome. These goals were based on the research questions posed initially by the hosts. This study was also guided by other formative questions, like a) What are “the key sectors of the community”? b) Who are “the opinion leaders” within each of those sectors? and c) Do the answers to the research questions vary significantly within or across sectors and, if so, why? This study yielded some interesting findings that have the potential to inform future research on the same or related topics. The common concerns cited by participants were adverse economic effects and flooding resulting from climate change. The most common barrier to community-led action was difficulties with outreach, and the most widely supported solution for overcoming barriers was collaborative community actions. This report will begin with a brief overview of Haliburton County and a review of the literature on climate change mitigation.</text>
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                <text>Horseshoe Lake Seasonal Water Fluctuation Effects on the Benthic Zone and Implications for the Fish Assemblage</text>
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                <text>The Horseshoe Lake Property Owners’ Association (HLPOA) represents the property owners of Horseshoe Lake, situated in the highlands of Haliburton County. The organization addresses environmental, political and community issues concerning the lake and its owners. HLPOA is concerned about the viability of the lake to sustain apex predator fish species. Fish populations are important to sustain because they provide ecological and social benefits. These include ecosystem diversity, food web interactions, and recreational activities including fishing. It is crucial to research the effects of water fluctuations on fish by examining the quantity and quality of littoral habitat used by benthic invertebrates. Therefore, this project will determine if the limits of the benthic community diversity of Horseshoe Lake, during the fall season drawdown, is as diverse as would be expected of this type of lake. It will then interpret the implications for the lake’s current assemblage of fish species. This will indicate potential limitations of Horseshoe Lake habitat for apex predator fish species in the lake, and will lead to the identification of hypotheses meriting further study.</text>
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                <text>THE HISTORY OF INDIGENOUS HABITATION IN HALIBURTON COUNTY</text>
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                <text>I will explore the Indigenous Habitation in Haliburton County in several components. Two main components are archaeology and identity because the two are entangled and interdependent but there are many others that are also essential. A geographic approach is also necessary because location and environment are essential to defining a culture. It is also necessary to look beyond the borders of the county and even to other parts of North America because trade between Indigenous civilizations has influenced the inhabitants from across great distances. It is necessary to draw from a range of sources because of the limitations of memory and limitations of available archaeological data. A combination of the two will give a more complete account of Indigenous habitation of the area along with early written accounts, oral history, stories, imagery, maps, archival documents and knowledge of the present culture and language.</text>
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                <text>Tyler Scuralli &amp; Zachery Mielhausen</text>
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                <text>In this study three permanent sample forest plots were established in the Smith Forest which is owned by the Haliburton Highland Land Trust located in Haliburton County. This report will discuss background information regarding permanent sample forest plots such as; ecosite classification, protocol design, plot design, and error generation. An abbreviated methodology based on techniques and instruments used for the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN) protocol has also been included. From the three established permanent sample plots, a variety of forest health parameters were measure, including such measurements as diameter at breast height (DBH), stem defects, tree species, and downed woody debris (DWD). From this data trends in stem density and basal area were analyzed to help determine the age of different locations in the forest. Additional data analysis was conducted on stem defects, and downed woody debris however few conclusions could be drawn from this data as this was the first year of this monitoring program, and there was no prior data to compare current measurements to. Future recommendations for the expanding and continuation of this monitoring program are suggested at the end of the report.</text>
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                <text>Jenna Kentel</text>
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                <text>Forest monitoring, management and protection has become increasingly important as Climate Change continues to alter the environment. The Haliburton Highland Land Trust (HHLT) has recently acquired Dahl Forest as part of an Ecological Gifts program. As part of this program they area required to ensure the long-term health of the forest. The objective of this project was to provide the means for the HHLT to monitor the changes in forest health and composition over time. This was accomplished through the means of: preparing a standardized PSP protocol and database, establishing PSP’s in Dahl Forest, and collecting baseline data from the PSP’s. A protocol was established based on a series of protocols produced by Ecological Monitoring Assessment Network (EMAN) to assess the tree health, downed woody debris (DWD) and regeneration of the forest. PSP’s were established in the Sugar Maple and mature Red Pine forests. Based on the baseline data collected it was determined that the Sugar Maple forests composition was dominated by the tolerant Sugar Maples. The forest was relatively healthy with some stem defects found. The Red Pine forest composition was mostly Red Pine with some White Pine and White Spruce. The forest was considered healthy as there were only a few stem defects found. The following future recommendations were made: (a) to establish more PSP in different ecosites and continue monitoring every 5 years to assess the health of the forests, (b) To establish additional protocols that compliment this protocol to develop a greater understanding of the overall health of the forest, (c) to conduct future data analysis to understand the changes occurring in the forest based on the data, (d) to educate the public on the monitoring program and its importance.</text>
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