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                <text>Blowflies Taxa in Forest Regions</text>
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                <text>Abigail Lam</text>
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                <text>Glebe Park</text>
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                <text>Kaitlyn Fleming</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Glebe Park</text>
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                <text>Insect Studies</text>
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                <text>Insects are a large group of arthropods that play essential roles in our environment,&#13;
including cycling nutrients, pollinating plants, acting as a food source for other taxa, and many&#13;
more. However, regarding non-environmental applications, insects play important roles in&#13;
forensic entomology. Although well-studied in urban regions, there is a lack of biodiversity&#13;
information on blowfly species in rural habitats. Therefore, this study aimed to determine&#13;
blowfly species composition in Haliburton, Ontario. Four bottle traps were set up across three&#13;
different types of forests in Glebe Park between July 1st to September 2nd, 2022. In the family&#13;
Calliphoridae, we report 11 species: Lucilia illustris, Phormia regina, Calliphora livida, Lucilia&#13;
silvarum, Lucilia coeruleiviridis, Calliphora vicina, Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vomitoria,&#13;
Cynomya cadaverina, Calliphora terraenovae, and Protophormia terraenovae. We examined if&#13;
several environmental variables affected species abundance and composition. We found&#13;
accumulated degree days above 0°C, numeric date, total precipitation (14 days), and humidity&#13;
affect species abundance. However, none of the variables examined (forest type, elevation, and&#13;
distance from the water) seemed to affect species composition. Our results align with previous&#13;
research in which accumulated degree days affected Calliphoridae abundance. The results of this&#13;
study can help answer questions in forensic entomology, such as calculating post-mortem&#13;
intervals, stages of decomposition, and determining if a body has been moved from its original&#13;
location.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Forest Health Assessment for Barnum Creek Nature Reserve</text>
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                <text>Alyson Bimm, Cailyn Carscadden, Julia Hérault, Natalie Holley, Olivia Gaetz, Jade Gorman, Kevin&#13;
Leblond, Emily Lemon, Megan MacPherson, Emilia Violin, &amp; Taylor Howe&#13;
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                <text>Haliburton Highlands Land Trust</text>
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                <text>December 2022</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, HHLT</text>
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                <text>Terrestrial biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Forest health surveys have been done worldwide to provide relevant data on the current health of forests and provide long-term analyses of changes in the ecosystem. This has been shown to help early identification of disturbances and prevent future harm. In this report, students from Trent University set up eight Permanent Sampling Plots (PSPs) in the Barnum Creek Nature Reserve to collect forest health data for the Haliburton Highlands Land Trust. This field data collected includes tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, canopy class, species presence, downed woody debris characteristics, and tree defects. Field data was then analyzed to determine the distribution of DBH and stem defects, relative stem density, basal area per hectare, and proportion of downed woody debris versus decomposition class for each site. This data allowed students to conclude that it is a sugar maple-eastern white cedar-dominated forest with good diversity and valued habitat for wildlife. One concern noted is the high presence of closed wounds on the trees. In completing the analysis of data, students recommend to the HHLT that they continue to pursue goals in protecting and maintaining the forests, and having the public keep good stewardship of the land.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Health Benefits of Enviro-Plastering</text>
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                <text>Nayan Ahuja and Jagjot Singh</text>
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                <text>Beyond Plasters, Sebastian Renel</text>
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                <text>Julian Aherne</text>
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                <text>April 2023</text>
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                <text>Human health and environment.</text>
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                <text>This extensive literature study offers a full evaluation of the characteristics, advantages, and&#13;
difficulties related to the use of building plasters with natural bases. Plasters made of clay, lime,&#13;
gypsum, and natural fibres are only a few examples of natural-based materials that are contrasted&#13;
with synthetic counterparts. The review examines the thermal resistance, mould resistance, VOC&#13;
retention, physical strength, and characteristics of various plasters while also examining the&#13;
importance of indoor air quality and any potential health advantages of utilising construction&#13;
materials with natural bases. The study also outlines the difficulties and impediments to the use&#13;
of building plasters with natural bases, such as financial viability, building norms and&#13;
regulations, and the requirement for case studies of successful implementation.To encourage the&#13;
broad use of building plasters made from natural materials, this literature study concludes with&#13;
recommendations for industry experts and politicians.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Halls and Hawk Lakes Benthic Assessment - 2022</text>
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                <text>Applied Biomonitoring Course, Trent University ERSC 3620H - K. Fleming</text>
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                <text>Halls and Hawk Lakes Property Owners Association, Peter Dadzis</text>
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                <text>Kaitlyn Fleming</text>
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                <text>April, 2023</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Halls Lake, Big Hawk Lake, Little Hawk Lake</text>
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                <text>Benthic biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Blue Skies Bioblitz Plan</text>
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                <text>Tera Boisclair, Noah Opper, Ness Pringle, Jacob Findlay, William Skye Vasey</text>
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                <text>Blue Skies, Lloyd Greenspoon &amp; Committee</text>
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                <text>Tom Whillans</text>
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                <text>Pre/post event biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Glamour Lakes</text>
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                <text>benthic biomonitoring</text>
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                <text>Stoney Lake is in Peterborough County, approximately 30 km northeast of the City of Peterborough. The majority of residences situated along the lake are summer cottages, with many properties having docks and recreational motorboats. The lake straddles the border of the Canadian Shield and the St. Lawrence Lowlands physiographic regions.&#13;
Since 2020, U-Links has partnered with Upper Stoney Lake Association (USLA), Trent University, and Fleming College to monitor and report on the lake’s benthic macroinvertebrate populations. This study is currently in year three of a proposed total of five years, after which a baseline knowledge will be reached regarding the lake’s macroinvertebrate species richness and diversity. Research spanning five years is considered long-term, and the data in such studies has a high level of validity. Macroinvertebrates serve as excellent bioindicators of overall littoral ecosystem health. With five years' worth of macroinvertebrate data, trends may be recognized and recommendations for the future can be made.&#13;
Several areas of concern make Stoney Lake a good candidate for continued research. According to E. Paleczny (personal communication, December 5, 2022), the stressors to aquatic ecosystem integrity of Stoney Lake include climate change, invasive species (e.g., Nitellopsis obtusa (starry stonewort (SSW))), decline in water quality (e.g., nutrient input, blue-green algal blooms, chemical contaminants), water level fluctuation, and development pressures (e.g., marina's, golf courses, proposed condo and tiny home developments, shoreline development, watershed scale impacts from forestry, mining and agriculture). E. Paleczny (personal communication, December 5, 2022) further stated that the synergistic effects of these stressors are resulting in rapid decline in healthy populations of aquatic species (e.g., walleye), increases in the number of species at risk (e.g., wood turtle), and increased eutrophication leading to increased occurrence and abundance of algal blooms. There are also many unseen effects including increased toxic effects on aquatic life. &#13;
Excess algae growth may be fueled by phosphorus and nutrient runoff from the golf course and cottage lawns. If algae growth increases dramatically, lake eutrophication may occur, which would have detrimental effects on animal populations. Algae blooms increase the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) level by encouraging the growth of specific bacteria (Encyclopedia.com, 2019). A greater BOD rapidly reduces oxygen levels, which can cause fish and other aquatic animals to lose their oxygen supply.&#13;
In 2022, there were no observable impacts or changes in macroinvertebrate species presence at a lake scale, however, this study does not address localized impacts from stressors or other shifts or changes in aquatic ecosystem function. It also does not address any changes to baseline conditions prior to 2020. Increasing sampling sites where there are concerns about localized stressors such as development impacts would help to assess if there are localized impacts to macroinvertebrate populations.&#13;
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                <text>Matteo Nicola Menegazzo</text>
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                <text>Kaitlyn Fleming</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Glebe Park</text>
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                <text>Carrion beetles use decaying flesh as a resource for food and mating therefore, they play&#13;
an important role in the physical decomposition of organic matter and thus can play an important&#13;
role in forensic investigations. We conducted a survey of Silphidae in Glebe Park, Haliburton,&#13;
from June 2022 to September 2022. The area of Glebe Park is located Ontario Shield ecozone&#13;
and Georgian Bay ecoregion and is located in a mixed forest habitat. We set four bottle traps in&#13;
Glebe Park in an effort to update the known distributions of Silphids, determine environmental&#13;
factors and their effects on abundance, and if any present species have implications for species at&#13;
risk in the Haliburton region of Ontario. A total of 1,308 Silphidae beetles were collected and&#13;
consisted of five species: Nicrophorus tomentosus, Nicrophorus pustulatus, Nicrophorus sayi,&#13;
Nicrophorus defodiens, and Oiceoptoma noveboracense. Nicrophorus tomentosus was the most&#13;
abundant species found consisting of 991 specimens in total. Nicrophorus pustulatus, N. sayi, N.&#13;
defodiens, and O. noveboracense were found in totals of 131, 116, 64 and 6 respectively. Out of&#13;
the environmental factors that were analyzed, it appears that mean wind speed and mean dew&#13;
point are the greatest factors in Silphidae abundance. When wind speed is higher, there is a&#13;
decrease in the abundance of Silphidae, but when there is an increase in dew point, there is also&#13;
an increase of Silphidae.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Caleb Brown</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County Master Gardeners, Carolyn Langdon </text>
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                <text>Brendan Hickie</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Minden</text>
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                <text>Shoreline restoration</text>
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                <text>The Minden Riverwalk is a two-kilometer walkway located in Minden, Ontario, that was originally composed of solely turfgrass between the paved walkway and shoreline. However, an initiative was taken to plant various native plants, various trees, and set up garden boxes along the path to promote flora biodiversity and mitigate waterfowl nesting in residential areas within Minden. The newly formed ecosystem now serves as a multipurposed natural ‘garden’, providing a beautiful scenery for the local and visiting communities alike, as well as essential food services, shelter, and nesting grounds for a plethora of insects.&#13;
&#13;
The Haliburton County Gardeners initiated a project to assess and catalogue the presence of insects and flora, in order to further understand the biodiversity present along the Riverwalk but also to look at the range of pollinators that were aiding in pollination, as well as other insect and plant interaction that were occurring along the Riverwalk. This information would be compiled for a self-guided audio tour, which would be made public online for the town and any visitors curious about the ecology of the Riverwalk.</text>
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                <text>Kaitlyn Fleming</text>
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                <text>Haliburton County, Abbey Gardens</text>
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                <text>Abbey Gardens, a non-profit organization located in Haliburton County, Ontario, is dedicated to educating the public about eco-friendly agricultural practices and environmentally sustainable living. As part of their initiatives, Abbey Gardens has restored a 3.45-acre patch of land within their property to a tallgrass prairie (TGP) habitat. This restoration project involved the installation of native shrubs, flowers, and grasses characteristic of natural TGPs, and the area has been actively managed since its inception. The objective of this study is to assess the ecological success of the restored TGP habitat through biological monitoring. While the computed biotic indices did not exhibit strong significance due to a limited sample size and restricted sampling period, the overall ecological state of Abbey Gardens' TGP is promisingly functional. The restoration and management efforts have effectively transformed a once barren car park into a thriving ecosystem. This successful restoration project provides valuable insights that can be applied to revitalizing the fragmented and endangered tallgrass prairies across Southern Ontario.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Skye Vasey</text>
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                <text>Brendan Hickie</text>
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                <text>The Ontario Benthic Biomonitoring Network (OBBN) employs an effects-based approach using macroinvertebrate-based sampling to assess ecosystem health. This study utilizes benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to understand the ecosystem health of Koshlong Lake in Ontario. The OBBN protocol categorizes macroinvertebrates into 27 groups based on taxonomic classification, providing a comprehensive understanding of the benthic community. Water chemistry analysis and examination of macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance calculations are also included, with the results being contrasted against proportions of sensitive taxa and their correlated "typical" ranges for the region. The presence of the invasive Spiny Waterflea is noted but not extensively studied in this project. Furthermore, diversity index values align with observations from other lakes in the region, indicating a healthy ecosystem. However, additional data collected over at least five years is necessary to establish long-term trends and determine if the observed values represent typical conditions for Koshlong Lake. Collaborating with the Koshlong Lake Association, this study provides valuable insights into the stressors and overall health of the lake ecosystem.</text>
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                <text>Evaluation Assessment for Abbey Retreat Centre Programs&#13;
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                <text>Kudzayi Mushumbi &amp; Wacera W. Muriuki</text>
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                <text>Paul Shaffer</text>
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                <text>Township of Algonquin Highlands</text>
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                <text>Diversified care programming</text>
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                <text>The Abbey Retreat Centre (ARC) provides diverse programming designed for persons facing a cancer diagnosis alongside their key caregiver. It sought an evaluation tool capable of continually assessing performance and outcomes across its many retreats and online programs. This paper and project reflect the pursuit of said task. The key research question in formulating a tool of best fit then became ‘what is the most appropriate retreat-specific and cross-cutting performance measures to include in an evaluation tool for the Abbey Retreat Centre?’. Completing a literature review to understand best practice and performance measures of significance within similar retreat centers, a draft evaluation tool was created. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were organized, where respondents provided feedback on the draft tool which informed the final version. </text>
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                <text>Emily Silk, Tyler Marcotte, Willow Graham, Katie Evensen</text>
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                <text>Drag and Spruce Lake Property Owners Association, Rick Wesselman, Jim Miners</text>
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                <text>Tom Whillans</text>
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                <text>Drag and Spruce Lakes, located in the Haliburton Highlands of Ontario, are the head lakes in the Burnt River Watershed; the Drag and Spruce Lake Property Owners Association (DSLPOA) works in conjunction with the Federation of Ontario Cottagers Association (FOCA) to ensure the lakes' health, biodiversity, beauty, and recreational value are preserved. To achieve this, DSLPOA implements various stewardship strategies, such as promoting proper maintenance of watercraft and volunteer-based programs like the Lake Partner Program (LPP). These strategies aim to encourage shoreline landowners and lake users to adopt best management practices voluntarily, benefiting the entire community and securing the lakes' future health. In future conservation efforts, it is recommended to continue implementing these programs while also identifying priority areas for focused management actions. Collaborative efforts involving relevant stakeholders, such local community members, DSLPOA members, the Community Advisory Panel, and the Science and Technical Committee, should be engaged in to determine the level of priority, rationale, responsible agents, and specific initiatives for each action.</text>
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                <text>Trent University</text>
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                <text>Haliburton Highlands Land Trust (HHLT), Ralph Baehre &amp; Shelley Hunt</text>
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                <text>The Fred &amp; Pearl Barry Wetland Reserve is a 100 acre property that includes&#13;
approximately 62 acres of wetland. It was donated to HHLT in 2012 by Dennis Barry.&#13;
The property is located at the southern end of South Lake, in the Township of Minden&#13;
Hills, Haliburton. The area is located at the headwaters of the provincially significant&#13;
wetland, the Kendrick Creek Wetland Complex, which feeds into the Irondale and Burnt&#13;
Rivers. In 2021, in cooperation with Glenside Ecological Services LTD this wetland&#13;
reserve was designated within a large wildlife corridor, The Highlands Corridor, and was&#13;
recognized to have features that are resilient to the effects of climate change. The&#13;
wetland reserve’s land was donated in 2012 by Dennis Barry through the Government&#13;
of Canada’s Ecological gifts program (HHLT, 2023). Unfortunately, due to the relative&#13;
sensitivity of the wetland and the mixed terrain that can pose safety risks to humans, it&#13;
is not available to the public</text>
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                <text>Bob Lake is an inland lake located in Minden, Ontario, that is home to the Bob Lake&#13;
Association. We completed a benthic macroinvertebrate assessment of the lake&#13;
following Ontario Benthic Biomonitoring Network (OBBN) protocol using samples&#13;
collected in the fall of 2022. The goal of this assessment is to contribute to a 5-year&#13;
study establishing the baseline conditions of Bob Lake and the benthic invertebrate&#13;
communities that inhabit it. Only one year has been completed prior to the submission&#13;
of this report, which accounts for the second year. The results of this research will&#13;
contribute to lake monitoring data and advise the Bob Lake Association on future lake&#13;
management decisions. Using the random teaspoon sampling method, we identified&#13;
100 invertebrates from each replicate of the three sites sampled. We then evaluated the&#13;
results of each site using several indices of species diversity and richness. Our&#13;
evaluation shows that the lake conditions are within a normal range for the Haliburton&#13;
area, but the remaining three years of this study must be completed to effectively&#13;
confirm these results.</text>
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          <element elementId="143">
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              <elementText elementTextId="27553">
                <text>This community-based research project focuses on evaluating the baseline composition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Grace Lake as part of the Woodlands and Waterways EcoWatch initiative. Benthic macroinvertebrates, small aquatic organisms inhabiting the sediment at the bottom of water bodies, serve as indicators of water quality due to their sensitivity to environmental stressors. The project involved sampling benthic macroinvertebrates and assessing water quality at three sites in Grace Lake. The identified invertebrates were categorized into 27 groups, and various indices were calculated to assess the lake's ecological condition. The results indicate that Grace Lake exhibits typical conditions compared to other lakes in the Haliburton Region. The ongoing data collection will contribute to establishing a five-year baseline dataset and enable the detection of any future negative trends in water quality or ecological integrity.</text>
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                <text> Loon Habitat and Mortality Study</text>
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                <text>Bob Lake Association, Brenda Brouwers</text>
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                <text>This study focuses on the declining population of loon chicks in Bob and Little Bob Lake, located in Haliburton County, Ontario. Despite the presence of breeding pairs, residents have observed a significant decrease in the number of loon chicks over the past few years, raising concerns about potential underlying issues.  To address this, several suggestions for future actions are proposed within this report. Raising awareness about the decline in the loon population is crucial, and educational efforts targeting residents can inspire them to take actions to mitigate threats such as litter or boat wake. Implementing signage in vulnerable areas, similar to successful initiatives on Miskwabi Lake, can contribute to protecting the loons. By implementing these suggested measures, it is hoped that the declining population of loon chicks in Bob and Little Bob Lake can be addressed and reversed, ensuring the long-term conservation of these iconic bird species. </text>
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                    <text>The purpose of this project is to collect benthic macroinvertebrate (also referred to as “benthics”or “benthos”) data to determine the health of Kabakwa Lake. Benthos are small spineless organisms that reside on the bottom of water bodies among sediments and aquatic plants. Due to their fairly stationary nature, they live most, if not all of their lives in the same area on the lake bottom close to shores. This makes them ideal indicator species as they are heavily influenced by organic and inorganic pollution and disturbances in the water. Benthos provide insight into the current state of water and habitat quality and can be measured every year to determine trends in lake health. 2022 marks the second year of sampling on Kabakwa Lake.&#13;
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                <text>Supports for Eating Disorders in Rural Communities&#13;
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                <text>The social determinants of health also reveal the powerful role that social factors have in shaping health across a range of indicators, settings, and populations. Our findings confirm that rural communities lack the capacity to support people with eating disorders. This study revealed a variety of factors associated with the inability to obtain effective treatment in a rural area, including poor health literacy, lack of funding and staff, direct and indirect costs of treatment, and inadequate communications and referral systems. Specifically, this study found that Haliburton County, Ontario experiences increased service barriers that allow patients to avoid or prevent treatment altogether. This study reveals the importance of increasing eating disorder training across medical settings, as well as other structural functions that impede the ability for people in rural communities to obtain efficient treatment for themselves or their loved ones. &#13;
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                <text>The research aimed to achieve a better understanding of the overall health of Gull Lake as it stands currently.  In addition, the results of this project will contribute to the baseline data required to produce any trends in the benthic composition necessary to gain a better understanding of Gull Lake’s long-term health. This project is the third study to be completed out of a total of 5 studies for 2 the purpose of creating a baseline data set to be used for identifying any significant changes in Gull Lake’s biological health in the future as well as help to establish best management practices.</text>
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                <text>This project contributes to the Woodlands and Waterways Ecowatch program, which is overseen by U-Links. The goal of this program is to monitor and gather data on the health of forest and aquatic ecosystems within the Haliburton region. This data will then be used to aid in the planning and management of these ecosystems, to ensure they are in good health for future generations. The purpose of the Haliburton Lake benthic assessment is to gather data on the baseline composition of the benthic communities found within the lake to determine the health of the ecosystem. This is the third year this project has been conducted, so previous years data will be compared to the current findings to identify trends within the benthic communities present.  This will help to determine the current state of the lake and aid in developing future management strategies. </text>
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                <text>Trent University has partnered with U-Links Centre for Community-Based Research to prepare this study for the Halls &amp; Hawks Lake Property Owner’s Association. The association, which released its initial Lake Management Plan in 2006, has identified the need for a long-term benthos biomonitoring program. This biomonitoring program is intended to assist the association and community partners in gaining a better understanding of the health of their lakes and to provide baseline data for future studies. The Halls &amp; Hawks Lake Property Owner’s Association defines their vision as “a place where water quality, wildlife habitat, natural beauty, recreational opportunities, peace and tranquility are maintained and improved for present and future generations to enjoy” in their 2006 Lake Management Plan Executive Summary.</text>
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                <text>Through assessing the quality of Halls Lake, we hope to develop a more thorough understanding of its health. We further hope to contribute to baseline data that can be used for long term studies and assessment of Halls Lake by the HHLPOA. While this lake has been sampled in previous years, there is currently not enough data to draw conclusions on any trends in water quality. Therefore, the goal of this study is not only to assess current water quality health, but to add to lake data so that trends and conclusions can be made in the future. </text>
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                <text>In Kabakwa Lake of Haliburton, Ontario, benthic invertebrate samples were collected via Ontario Benthos Biomonitoring Network protocol. The purpose of collecting benthic macroinvertebrates was to contribute to a long-term benthos biomonitoring program. Long-term benthic collections for Kabakwa Lake were collected for the first time for 2021. Benthic collections provide insight on the present water quality and if the waterbody is affected by pollution. These can then help build management actions to prevent further contamination of the sites.</text>
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                <text>Lindsay Fisher and Brooke Ceci </text>
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                <text>Upper Stoney Lake is a freshwater lake in Peterborough County, Ontario, and is surrounded by various forms of infrastructure and anthropogenic activity. There are several different land usages in close proximity to the lake which have raised concern over the water quality and the health of the aquatic ecosystem itself; the nearness of the anthropogenic activity to the lake makes it susceptible to impacts associated with diffuse pollution. Diffuse pollution occurs when contaminates such as pesticides, chemicals, fecal bacteria, sediments, and nutrients travel and run off the land and into nearby surface waters and watersheds.The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of diffuse pollution and watershed land use on Upper Stoney Lake and provide mitigation measures to reduce the intensity of the impacts these anthropogenic activities pose on the health of the aquatic ecosystem. Our research question is based around investigating how diffuse sources of pollution in the watershed impact the water quality and aquatic ecosystems of Upper Stoney Lake. In this report, we specifically research the effects of forestry and agricultural non-point sources of pollution to Upper Stoney Lake and mitigation measures to improve water quality.</text>
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                <text>This project focuses on the sources of water quality degradation that occur because of homes/cottages and the practices associated with owning them. The impacts of homes and cottages on water quality was examined by conducting an extensive literature review on the topic and compiling our findings into this summary. This project will examine the history of the Upper Stoney Lake area to give context about the watershed that it is located in. It will then focus on three separate impactful activities; shoreline modifications, fertilizer/septic tank use, and boating. This literature review will address the scale of these issues in Upper Stoney Lake, what type of wildlife or species they are impacting, and the dangers of these impacts if they continue.</text>
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                <text>Joseph Gentile</text>
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                <text>Upper Stony Lake Association, Ed Paleczny</text>
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                <text>April 2022</text>
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                <text>Upper Stony Lake </text>
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                <text>This research conducts a comprehensive literature review on anthropogenic land uses and their impacts on oligotrophic and mesotrophic inland lakes relating to the water quality of upper Stoney Lake. A common consensus within the literature points to the importance of education, reducing the use and reliance of pesticides at the local golf course and watershed-scale, and reconsidering North American cosmetic standards for golf courses, in reducing the impacts of pesticides applied to golf courses on watersheds. This review has provided direct evidence that application timing and rates of synthetic fertilizers on golf course turfs influence the degree to which nutrients like Nitrogen and Phosphorus are found in concentrated amounts within stormwater effluent draining these sites. These findings may be significant in informing golf course land use regulation within the Upper Stoney Lake watershed, or the watershed of other oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes globally. </text>
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                <text>Impacts of Marinas on Water Ecosystems</text>
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                <text>Taylor Howe and Charlotte Bastien</text>
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                <text>Professor Tom Whillans</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study is to determine the impacts recreational marinas have on the water quality and aquatic ecosystems of Stoney Lake. The construction of marinas, maintenance of vessels and buildings, as well as increased boat traffic all contribute to the impacts. The key risks posed by marinas that are explored include water toxicity, pollutant concentrations in aquatic organisms, increased erosion rates, eutrophication, pathogen levels and spreading of invasive species. This research provides recommendations to mitigate these potential effects as well as future research and monitoring that is needed to address the problems identified.</text>
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                <text>U-Links and Municipality of Dysart et al Collaborative Research Project - Food Waste Reduction</text>
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                <text>Arsalan Asadpoori, Kanishk Chetan Amin, Katie Crosgrey, Manpreet Kaur, Arshjot Singh, Ullas Unnikrishnan Rugmini, and Nicole Zablocki</text>
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                <text>The Municipality of Dysart et al., John Watson</text>
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                <text>Sustyainable Waste Management, Kasper Franciszkiewicz and Shawn Emmett</text>
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                <text>April 2022</text>
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                <text>Dysart et al.</text>
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                <text>Food Waste Reduction Strategies</text>
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                <text>Fleming College</text>
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