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                <text>Municipality of Dysart et al, Mallory Bishop</text>
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                <text>Kasper Franciszkiewicz, Fleming Sustainable Waste Management</text>
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                <text>Sustainable Waste Management &#13;
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                <text>In light of last year’s successful project, Dysart et al and Fleming College have agreed to continue working on the Plastic Waste Reduction Challenge. This year’s project will shift the focus away from material bans and instead focus on building an understanding of the current cultural mindset of both residents and businesses with regards to waste and environmental/sustainability issues. This information can inform the adoption of future initiatives, campaigns, and bylaws. This year’s class applied various survey best practices to design and develop surveys to obtain specific information about resident and business consumption habits and perceptions of environmental initiatives regarding single-use plastics. The data gathered from the surveys will provide valuable information regarding which demographics and businesses would be most responsive to future promotion and education campaigns. In addition to the survey work undertaken this year, the Sustainable Waste Management class has provided a wide selection of potential promotion and education strategies to aid in Dysart’s objective of fostering a shift in environmental consciousness.</text>
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                <text>The Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park has reported over 15,500 metres of trails that have been degraded to some degree from prior all-terrain vehicle use. These trails have experienced soil erosion, with additional impacts potentially including soil compaction and declines in vegetative health. Proposed remediation strategies include mulching, tillage, planting native vegetation, decreasing trail traffic, and creating an invasive species management plan. The level of degradation on the trails was completed using visual analysis conducted by a park ranger, which overall lacks objectivity. Creating a more standardized classification system for the park is highly suggested, as well as a re-evaluation of trail degradation. Templates for trail assessments are included that can be adapted to the needs of the Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park, as well as some recommended strategies for trail remediation based on a literature analysis.</text>
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                <text>Abbey Gardens plan to create a new trail through their property and was interested in the creation of trail signage that encouraged visitors to learn about and engage with nature. This report includes the 5 signs proposed by the student research team, as well as background info that can be accessed by the community or used by Abbey Gardens during any guided visits to enrich the experience. The first sign is welcome sign and points out some key plant and animal species on the trail. The second sign focuses on how nature changes with the seasons and the accompanying report section goes into detail about the tree species on the trail and their seasonal patterns. The third sign focuses on mindfulness in nature and provides several activities to connect with and observe the nature around you. The fourth sign is all about beavers and how the behave through the seasons. The fifth and final sign is centred on a variety of species of woodpeckers you may be lucky enough to see at Abbey Gardens and how to tell them apart. </text>
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                <text>Feasibility of a Garden Tourism Project at Abbey Gardens</text>
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                <text>Recreation &amp; Tourism &#13;
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                <text>Abbey gardens is interested in exploring the potential for a garden tourism project on their property. Garden tourism is defined as a type of tourism that involves travelling away from one’s home to spend time/money in an area designated for horticulture by the property owner. Tourists visit gardens of cultural, historical, or educational significance, as well as gardens with events and programming (e.g. shows and festivals). A study from the mid-2000s found that over 3 million Canadians participated in garden tourism that year as part of a multi-day vacation. This report looks at other Canadian garden tourism operation that may be comparable to what Abbey Gardens is envisioning for their property, including: Plant Paradise Country Gardens in Caledon, Ontario; Landman Gardens and Bakery in Grand Valley, Ontario; Whistling Gardens in Wilsonville, Ontario; Redford Gardens in Grand Metis, Quebec; Edward Gardens in Toronto, Ontario; and, Coventry Gardens in Windsor, Ontario. The features deemed most suitable for consideration for Abbey Gardens to include in any tourism garden plans (besides plants of course!) include an outdoor venues space that could be used for live music and other events, and a rockery garden area. </text>
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                <text>Five sites on the shores of Lake Kashagawigamog were sampled in the fall of 2019 to determine the community composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of the lake. Results were inconclusive, but revealed that there is likely some form of disturbance taking place within the lake. The report recommends additional years of sampling take place in order to determine the health of the lake with greater certainty.</text>
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                <text>Calcium is a vital nutrient for plant growth and ecosystem function, both aquatic and terrestrial. The decline of calcium in lakes and soils is occurring in watersheds across the boreal shield, as a result of acid deposition and land use practices such as silviculture. The decline of calcium is concerning because it can cause major changes to food webs and ecosystem functioning. Nutrient contents in catchment soils are connected to the levels seen in lakes through interactions between soil surfaces and surface waters in the riparian zones of watersheds, as well as the biological, geological, and meteorological processes occurring throughout the watershed.&#13;
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                <text>One site on Kennisis Lake and one site on Johnson Lake were sampled in order to assist in determining the health of Kennisis Lake. The Johnson Lake site was used as a reference as Johnson Lake has very little development compared to Kennisis Lake. The results of the project are inconclusive. More sites on Kennisis Lake need to be sampled in order to gain a better understanding of the health of the lake as a whole. Additional years of sampling are also required in order to ensure natural variability between and within sites can be accounted for.</text>
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Tom Whillans</text>
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                <text>Six sites along the shoreline of Kawagama Lake were sampled in the fall of 2019 to determine the composition of their benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Results from the project were inconclusive, but show that Kawagama Lake has some relatively pristine areas of shoreline with little to no disturbance. The project authors recommend that sampling continues in the fall of each year in order to determine the overall health of Kawagama Lake with more certainty.</text>
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                <text>Salamanders are an important part in any biotic community. There is great concern regarding the decline of salamanders as a whole and not just one individual species however monitoring these species requires that we have an idea on the current populations so that we can continue to monitor and implement conservation strategies with enough time before these species are lost (Smith &amp; Petranka, 2000).&#13;
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                <text>Haliburton Lake Community Benthos Biomonitoring Project 2019</text>
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                <text>Brendan Martin&#13;
Joseph Gentile&#13;
Hannah Williams&#13;
Stephanie Barrie&#13;
Julia Herault</text>
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                <text>Haliburton Lake Cottagers' Association partnered with Fleming College and U-Links to begin determining the health of Haliburton Lake using benthic macroinvertebrates. Two sites were sampled as part of this pilot project in an attempt to begin understanding the health of Haliburton Lake. After only one sampling event it is difficult to determine what the state of Haliburton Lake is with great certainty. Future sampling events will need to be completed and additional sites should be considered in future sampling events in order to gain a better understanding of the broader health of the lake. Based on the sites analyzed in 2019, Haliburton Lake is somewhere in the range of “fair” to “fairly poor” indicating that there is likely some form of organic pollution entering the lake. The extent and location of this pollution is unclear at this time and more sampling will be required to determine if this pollution is human caused; if it is being produced from a single source or more broadly throughout the lake; and whether it is improving, remaining stable, or getting worse as time progresses. At the same time, however, the presence of large numbers of usually sensitive groupings indicates that there are complexities at play in Haliburton Lake that will require further research to understand. It is recommended that sampling continue in subsequent years in order to gain a better understanding of the overall health of the lake and to potentially locate sites that can be improved to better the health of the lake.</text>
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Natasha Prytulka</text>
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David Beresford, Biology</text>
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                <text>Gull Lake is a small water body located in the southeastern part of Haliburton County, Ontario. It is part of the Gull River watershed, located in the Canadian Shield, with water inflow coming from lakes and rivers situated northeast of the site. Three sites were sampled for benthos and were based on a previous study conducted in 2013. Results indicated that disturbances are possible, but more sampling is required in order to determine the baseline health of the lake.</text>
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                <text>This project is a part of a larger program aimed at determining the health of Haliburton County’s lakes through the use of benthic macroinvertebrates. The Halls and Hawk Lake Property Owners Association (HHLPOA) was interested in determining the health of their lakes through the collection and analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates; small, spineless organisms that live on the lake bottom. After consultation with the HHLPOA, Ian McBain sampled the selected sites along the shoreline of Halls Lake, identified any benthos down to order, then analyzed the data using internationally recognized indices. While this project is still in its preliminary phase and many years of data are required to determine the health of the lake with any certainty, Ian’s analysis showed that Halls Lake is of adequate health but could likely improve further. A continuation of this project will take place during the Fall of 2020.</text>
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&#13;
Jaspreet Kaur, Kirandeep Kaur, Pooja Lally, Hetal Solanki, Spencer Yeo, Charlotte Banks, Josh Handley, Harpreet Kaur, Sandeep Kaur, Ramandeep Kaur, Shawn Emmett, Erin Mellor, Mary Katherine Glen, Amandeep Jawandha, Rupinder Kaur, Merin Sara John, Kirandeep Dhaliwal, Sumandeep Kaur, &amp; Kamanpreet Kaur &#13;
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                <text>SIRCH Thrift Warehouse is an example of a reuse store, and this organization would like to know how much material they are effectively diverting from landfill through their operations. The goal of this report is to outline multiple options that SIRCH could potentially use to quantify the amount of donations they receive. Subsequently, SIRCH can use this information to determine how much material they are diverting from landfill. The student team consulted multiple outside sources to gain an understanding of how other reuse stores quantify their donations.&#13;
​&#13;
The options that the team explored in Chapter 1 include 1) weighing the items donated, 2) using an average weight and applying it to all donations and 3) associating a weight with a specific volume and quantifying the donations through volume. Chapter 2 makes recommendations for how most donations could be measured by the cubic yard using appropriately sized bins. Chapters 2 and 3 both make recommendations for grant programs related to waste diversion and waste reduction that SIRCH could consider applying to. Also in Chapter 3, student explored examples of existing municipal-thrift partnerships, and what practices could be applied to the SIRCH warehouse. The final chapter is a review of thrifting and thrift stores in Canada.</text>
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&#13;
The final site design is presented in Part 4 and followed by Part 5 which summarizes the material and immaterial costs of the design. This section also discusses the benefits associated with the design. The final section, Part 6, provides environmental, social, and economic frameworks and discussions that justify the designs implementation. The final plan includes details for the inclusion of a pavilion, playgrounds, planters, a submarine display, a bird garden, signage, and pervious asphalt (which offers improved drainage over regular paving).</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this project is to provide an overview of the role of moose in QEII and insights into best management practices. Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park in a non-operating park in South-Central Ontario and falls within two wildlife management unit (WMU). The 33,505-hectare park is mostly with WMU 56, with the northwestern portion of the park being in WMU 53. The park is a mixed wood ecozone and is used for canoeing, hiking, and backcountry camping. The eastern moose plays an important role within this ecosystem as food for large predators, by contributing to nutrient cycling, and as natural vegetation control. They also have cultural significance, especially for the 30 Indigenous communities in the area.&#13;
​&#13;
The range of eastern moose includes eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. In Ontario, they can be found in northern and central Ontario. Their habitat requirements include areas for foraging, travelling, and for shelter and calving. For their diet they need year-round access to both evergreen and deciduous trees, as well as to aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands in the warmer months. Moose populations in the area have been in decline since the 1990s. The primary factors in moose mortality are climate change, parasites, vehicle collisions, habitat loss, and hunting. Management opportunities include remote sensing, evaluating the need for rut season closures and/or buffers around critical habitat features, opportunities for co-management with local Indigenous communities, and exploring adaptive measure to reduce the climate vulnerability of the eastern moose.</text>
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                <text>This project is an investigation into how single-use plastic consumptions can be reduced at Haliburton County Farmers’ Markets. It includes a literature review of existing alternatives to single-use plastics, surveys and interviews. HCFMA conducted vendor surveys, which Gallupe and Sallans then analyzed. The students also surveyed 145 market customers. Surveys focused on current market practices and opinions on potential improvements as the related to single-use plastics. Interview were also conducted with Market Managers from other Canadian farmers’ markets that have been working to lower their plastic consumption and distribution.&#13;
&#13;
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Evaluating the Impacts of U-Links Centre&#13;
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Canadian County</text>
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                <text>We evaluate how the U-Links Centre for Community-Based Research (U-Links), a nonprofit organization that brokers research for community-based organizations with postsecondary institutions in Haliburton County, Ontario, has impacted this rural region of Ontario. Our approach uses contribution analysis and realist evaluation as layered tactics within one program evaluation. Data came from interviews with community partners (n = 26), interviews and focus groups with U-Links committee members, internal document review, and personal observations by the authors. We describe U-Links’ theory of change for how community-based research impacts community, discuss traits of successful community-based research, and suggest a set of five factors that may enable and affect positive community outcomes: relevance, rigor, reach, relationships, and resources.</text>
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Volume 26, Issue 1, Winter 2020</text>
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&#13;
The evaluation was completed by systematically reviewing the project records to determine progress towards milestones; first-person observation of program implementation; conducting a series of interviews and online surveys with stakeholder groups that focused on whether any changes should be made to the existing project design in place and whether the evidence&#13;
supports an application for funding support; and reviewing the literature in place that supports the project design.&#13;
&#13;
The specific questions that were asked of each group (see Appendix 1) attempted to gauge the progress towards objectives for the pilot submitted in the application for the Trillium SEED Grant.&#13;
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&#13;
The report concluded that TCCBE and U-Links have made significant and positive progress on every milestone they set out to achieve, much of it earlier than originally anticipated, and that there is confidence amongst stakeholders in the effectiveness of the model. Moreover, the implementation of this project  led to some important quality assurance decisions as well as some new partnerships that will ensure the model will continue to align with best practices while scaling up to meet the research needs of community organizations in multiple geographic areas.&#13;
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                <text>Trent University has an incredible environmental science program, yet only has a few options for service-learning opportunities for students. Designing service-learning courses for Trent University students can help them to gain valuable field skills that many environmental sector employers are looking for, in today's job market. There are many environmental monitoring protocols that could be learned and executed by students, toward a credit at Trent, while also helping communities that have specific environmental monitoring needs gather specific baseline data sets. Many of the necessary monitoring protocols would be suitable for an environmental monitoring fieldwork service-learning course for Trent students. At the same time, students could also assist community organizations by helping them to start their own monitoring or citizen science programs. This report further explores how best to design an environmental monitoring course for Trent University.</text>
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                <text>The Windy Pine Conference Centre is a 25-acre property located on Kushog Lake, north of Minden in the County of Haliburton. The Conference Centre was developed prior to new shoreline ordinances which require a 30m setback on lake-side properties. The combination of near shore development, variable water-levels on Kushog Lake, and naturally thin soils along the rocky shoreline have enabled areas of concerning erosion along the 300m natural shoreline of the Windy Pine Property (Trent University, n.d.). Other possible causes of shoreline erosion may include wave washing and ice movement (MNRF et al , 2011). A previous shoreline inventory was conducted in 2014 through the “Love Your Lake” program. This project would expand on the previous inventory and provide additional recommendations regarding how to best address the problem areas on the site. This report will give final recommendations on the course of action best suited for the shoreline at the Windy Pine Conference Centre.</text>
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                <text>Climate change is rapidly altering the world and has a direct impact on human health. Health systems must, therefore, be equipped to handle these changing health needs and be able to adapt as the climate continues to change. Primary care providers are in a unique position to both administer and promote healthcare. When primary care providers and public health units work in collaboration, the health impacts of climate change may be managed with increased effectiveness and adaptability. A literature review was conducted to gather literature on paramedic, emergency department, and family physician adaptations to the health impacts on climate change, with special consideration given to vulnerable populations and public health unit collaborations. The primary care providers researched could all benefit from formalized climate change education and training as it relates to human health. They may also be able to facilitate better health adaptations to climate change, with public health units, by participating in data collection to assess the current health impacts of climate change within a given jurisdiction. Promotion of safe health practices regarding climate change is another way primary care providers and public health units can collaborate to adaptively manage climate change health impacts. There are a number of vulnerable populations to climate change health impacts, including those of low socioeconomic status, children and infants, and the elderly. Overall, a lack of Canadian literature on climate change health impacts demonstrates a need to conduct further research domestically, and to assist public health units in their research.</text>
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                <text>TP_4819 The Mental Health Impacts of Climate Change</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study is to gather evidence-based information on the lesser studied mental health effects of climate change. The study will consider what are the mental health impacts of climate change as they relate to being affected by extreme weather, economic impacts, and eco-anxiety, and what populations are most vulnerable to these impacts.This report serves as a scoping document on the mental health impacts of climate change and further research is required on the Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit region specifically.</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this project is to perform a policy scan to review, analyze and report on current municipal policies within the Haliburton Kawartha Pine Ridge district in order to identify policy gaps and opportunities regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as provide recommendations on how to address these issues.Throughout this policy scan, it was found that many municipalities have made mentions of climate change and its impacts on the environment. However more focus can be put on the connection between climate change and human health because climate change is a pressing threat to human health and may be addressed through municipal policies.</text>
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                <text>Best Management Practice Guidelines for Protecting Wetlands</text>
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                <text>Wetlands are a vital part of Canada's, especially Haliburton County's local natural heritage, thus The Haliburton Highlands Land Trust is working to maintain these important habitats. The purpose of this report is to identify five main types of wetlands in this geography and demonstrate how important they are to wildlife and humans alike. Management strategies are explored for each specific type of wetland and recommendations as to how the Land Trust can protect these areas while utilizing there natural beauty is explored.</text>
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                <text>Lake Kashawigamog, with over 2000 acres of water, is the central lake in a five lake chain that although surrounded by deciduous and coniferous forest, has its shoreline developed by cottages and resorts. The purpose of this project is to identify the threat of invasive species, their concentration to help improve future water quality management plans for The Lake Kashawigamog Organization (LKO). Six invasive species were recorded using a number of different sampling methods.  After reviewing the threat of each individual invading species, recommendations are made on how to properly proceed with managing each of the invasive species in order to maintain a healthy lakes system.&#13;
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                <text>Soil health is vital to global ecosystem functions, as well as the production and sustainability of food crops (Doran, 2002). With many stressors weighing on this critical component of the Earth’s biosphere, developing sustainable management strategies that increase soil organic matter is crucial. Abbey Gardens is an organization that aims to employ sustainable management strategies to revive a spent gravel pit into a thriving ecological and economically abundant community hub (“Abbey Gardens”, 2019). This research is aimed to determine how to optimize the use of on-site Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG) to amend Abbey Gardens soil. This was done through measuring several key soil health characteristics including LOI, wet aggregate stability, pH, conductivity, germination success, and leaf count of various amendment concentrations applied to soil. While the amendment did improve some soil health characteristics, further research including field trials will help to hone in on the best usage strategy to increase crop yields in gardens.</text>
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        <name>Karen Thompson</name>
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                <text>Haliburton Forest and Wild Life Reserve Parking Lot Revitalization</text>
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                <text>This document explores various methods and their implications for parking lot design, exploring a combination of new techniques, technology, and up to-date methods that are all functional, self-sustainable, environmentally friendly, and affordable. The study was based on Haliburton Forest and Wild Life Reserve parking lot located at 1095 Redkenn Road, Haliburton, Ontario,Canada. The purpose of this study was to research strategies and methods to achieve a ‘green’ parking lot design and entrance space in rural areas. The main designs and methods researched were rain gardens, drainage, and bioretention; other ideas such as signage will also be explored, and a supporting case study will be referenced.</text>
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                <text>Kelton Adderley-Heron, Michael Duquette, Mikayla Young</text>
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                <text>The Barnum Creek, Dahl Forest and Barry Wetland properties of Haliburton Highlands Land Trust are valuable habitats for species that require wetlands, now more than ever due to the rapid decrease in wetlands in Canada over recent years, especially in Ontario (Eamer et al., 2010). The aim of this paper is to use a literature review to identify species-at-risk that could be found within these wetlands, describe their characteristics and habitat requirements, and to outline some recommendations for managing their habitat . It was found that there could possibly be 10 species-at-risk within these locations, those being: Bank Swallows (Riparia riparia), Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica), Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii), Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera), Least Bitterns (Ixobrychus exilis), Little Brown Myotis’ (Myotis lucifigus), Rusty Blackbirds (Euphagus carolinus), Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina), Spotted Turtles (Clemmys guttata), and Western Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris triseriata). The main management recommendations are to where possible, protect and maintain upland habitat surrounding wetlands from disturbance, especially clear-cut logging, and to carefully plan development so as to not degrade or fragment the wetland environments.</text>
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                <text>Haliburton Highlands Land Trust, Greg Wickware</text>
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