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                <text>Aquatic Health Assessment of Gull Lake</text>
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                <text>Emerald Grob &amp; Monica Matthews</text>
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                <text>Gull Lake Cottagers Association, Michael Thorne</text>
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                <text>Environmental Studies, Monitoring</text>
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                <text>The second year of a three year baseline study into the benthic macroinvertebrate communities on Gull Lake.</text>
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                <text>BROKERING COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH&#13;
Evaluating the Impacts of U-Links Centre&#13;
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Canadian County</text>
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                <text>Emily Amon,  Stephen Hill, Jim Blake, and Marie Gage</text>
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                <text>We evaluate how the U-Links Centre for Community-Based Research (U-Links), a nonprofit organization that brokers research for community-based organizations with postsecondary institutions in Haliburton County, Ontario, has impacted this rural region of Ontario. Our approach uses contribution analysis and realist evaluation as layered tactics within one program evaluation. Data came from interviews with community partners (n = 26), interviews and focus groups with U-Links committee members, internal document review, and personal observations by the authors. We describe U-Links’ theory of change for how community-based research impacts community, discuss traits of successful community-based research, and suggest a set of five factors that may enable and affect positive community outcomes: relevance, rigor, reach, relationships, and resources.</text>
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                <text>Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, &#13;
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                <text>Stoney Lake is in Peterborough County, approximately 30 km northeast of the City of Peterborough. The majority of residences situated along the lake are summer cottages, with many properties having docks and recreational motorboats. The lake straddles the border of the Canadian Shield and the St. Lawrence Lowlands physiographic regions.&#13;
Since 2020, U-Links has partnered with Upper Stoney Lake Association (USLA), Trent University, and Fleming College to monitor and report on the lake’s benthic macroinvertebrate populations. This study is currently in year three of a proposed total of five years, after which a baseline knowledge will be reached regarding the lake’s macroinvertebrate species richness and diversity. Research spanning five years is considered long-term, and the data in such studies has a high level of validity. Macroinvertebrates serve as excellent bioindicators of overall littoral ecosystem health. With five years' worth of macroinvertebrate data, trends may be recognized and recommendations for the future can be made.&#13;
Several areas of concern make Stoney Lake a good candidate for continued research. According to E. Paleczny (personal communication, December 5, 2022), the stressors to aquatic ecosystem integrity of Stoney Lake include climate change, invasive species (e.g., Nitellopsis obtusa (starry stonewort (SSW))), decline in water quality (e.g., nutrient input, blue-green algal blooms, chemical contaminants), water level fluctuation, and development pressures (e.g., marina's, golf courses, proposed condo and tiny home developments, shoreline development, watershed scale impacts from forestry, mining and agriculture). E. Paleczny (personal communication, December 5, 2022) further stated that the synergistic effects of these stressors are resulting in rapid decline in healthy populations of aquatic species (e.g., walleye), increases in the number of species at risk (e.g., wood turtle), and increased eutrophication leading to increased occurrence and abundance of algal blooms. There are also many unseen effects including increased toxic effects on aquatic life. &#13;
Excess algae growth may be fueled by phosphorus and nutrient runoff from the golf course and cottage lawns. If algae growth increases dramatically, lake eutrophication may occur, which would have detrimental effects on animal populations. Algae blooms increase the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) level by encouraging the growth of specific bacteria (Encyclopedia.com, 2019). A greater BOD rapidly reduces oxygen levels, which can cause fish and other aquatic animals to lose their oxygen supply.&#13;
In 2022, there were no observable impacts or changes in macroinvertebrate species presence at a lake scale, however, this study does not address localized impacts from stressors or other shifts or changes in aquatic ecosystem function. It also does not address any changes to baseline conditions prior to 2020. Increasing sampling sites where there are concerns about localized stressors such as development impacts would help to assess if there are localized impacts to macroinvertebrate populations.&#13;
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                <text>Assessing the Health of Gull Lake</text>
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                <text>Gull Lake is an inland lake located in Northern Ontario in Haliburton County. The Gull Lake Cottage Association (GLCA) is concerned with the overall water quality of the lake as there has been increased shoreline development. According to Karr and Chu (1999), biological monitoring, measuring and evaluating the condition of a living system, or biota, is the first step in protecting life in waters or anywhere else. Biological evaluations and criteria can redirect management programs towards restoring the maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of aquatic systems. Three sites were chosen along the lake from distance end to end and sampled using the kick and sweep method. Assessments of species richness, species composition, relative abundances of species, and feeding relationships among resident organisms are the most direct measures of determining biological conditions within Gull Lake. &#13;
&#13;
Amphipods were found to be the most dominate species at each site, representing over 50% of the benthic community. Results from functional feeding group analyses revealed that all sampling sites are collector-dominated, representing almost 80% of the benthic community, and were composed primarily of Amphipods. Site 1 was found to have the highest species richness and abundance across the three sites. Sites 2 and 3 species richness and abundance are relatively similar and not far from that of site 1. Based on the results of the Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, water quality is "fair" as determined by macroinvertebrate species assemblages. Studies have found that recolonization of other macroinvertebrates was reduced when Amphipod numbers were high indicating predation or some form of competitive exclusion (Waters, 1964) which could potentially explain why there are such large numbers of Amphipods found across sites sampled on Gull Lake. It is important that factors (such as landscape-level factors such as land use/cover, surficial geology, and surface area or geographic factors such as latitude (Richards et al,. 1997)) are further looked into in order to develop the real reasons as to why Amphipods are in such high abundance within Gull Lake. &#13;
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                <text>Drag and Spruce Lakes, located in the Haliburton Highlands of Ontario, are the head lakes in the Burnt River Watershed; the Drag and Spruce Lake Property Owners Association (DSLPOA) works in conjunction with the Federation of Ontario Cottagers Association (FOCA) to ensure the lakes' health, biodiversity, beauty, and recreational value are preserved. To achieve this, DSLPOA implements various stewardship strategies, such as promoting proper maintenance of watercraft and volunteer-based programs like the Lake Partner Program (LPP). These strategies aim to encourage shoreline landowners and lake users to adopt best management practices voluntarily, benefiting the entire community and securing the lakes' future health. In future conservation efforts, it is recommended to continue implementing these programs while also identifying priority areas for focused management actions. Collaborative efforts involving relevant stakeholders, such local community members, DSLPOA members, the Community Advisory Panel, and the Science and Technical Committee, should be engaged in to determine the level of priority, rationale, responsible agents, and specific initiatives for each action.</text>
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                <text>Soil health is vital to global ecosystem functions, as well as the production and sustainability of food crops (Doran, 2002). With many stressors weighing on this critical component of the Earth’s biosphere, developing sustainable management strategies that increase soil organic matter is crucial. Abbey Gardens is an organization that aims to employ sustainable management strategies to revive a spent gravel pit into a thriving ecological and economically abundant community hub (“Abbey Gardens”, 2019). This research is aimed to determine how to optimize the use of on-site Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG) to amend Abbey Gardens soil. This was done through measuring several key soil health characteristics including LOI, wet aggregate stability, pH, conductivity, germination success, and leaf count of various amendment concentrations applied to soil. While the amendment did improve some soil health characteristics, further research including field trials will help to hone in on the best usage strategy to increase crop yields in gardens.</text>
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        <name>Karen Thompson</name>
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                <text>Climate change is rapidly altering the world and has a direct impact on human health. Health systems must, therefore, be equipped to handle these changing health needs and be able to adapt as the climate continues to change. Primary care providers are in a unique position to both administer and promote healthcare. When primary care providers and public health units work in collaboration, the health impacts of climate change may be managed with increased effectiveness and adaptability. A literature review was conducted to gather literature on paramedic, emergency department, and family physician adaptations to the health impacts on climate change, with special consideration given to vulnerable populations and public health unit collaborations. The primary care providers researched could all benefit from formalized climate change education and training as it relates to human health. They may also be able to facilitate better health adaptations to climate change, with public health units, by participating in data collection to assess the current health impacts of climate change within a given jurisdiction. Promotion of safe health practices regarding climate change is another way primary care providers and public health units can collaborate to adaptively manage climate change health impacts. There are a number of vulnerable populations to climate change health impacts, including those of low socioeconomic status, children and infants, and the elderly. Overall, a lack of Canadian literature on climate change health impacts demonstrates a need to conduct further research domestically, and to assist public health units in their research.</text>
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                <text>From Orchards to Kitchens: A Feasibility Study of Seasonal Apple Processing in Haliburton County</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
The significance of these results also identifies information gaps and a set of future recommendations of research and projects will be presented to allow for the support and development of Abbey Gardens in the upcoming years. This paper should be utilized as a starting point to develop a sound composting system in the rural Haliburton County.&#13;
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                <text>The purpose of this project was to develop and demonstrate skills in writing and presenting community based research on a social determinant of rural health issues. It includes a series reports for the Health Information for Haliburton County project. The reports focus on a specific rural health theme. The topics to covered were: Income and social status, Housing, Education and Literacy, Social support networks, Personal health practices and Coping skills, Healthy child development, Women and poverty, and Food security. The final reports feature three-parts: a literature review on how this issue relates to health in rural/remote areas, a community profile for Haliburton County based on available secondary data relating to the selected theme, and a research proposal to fill gaps in exiting knowledge about the theme in Haliburton County. The recommendations from each report are included in the summary of recommendations.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24909">
                <text>U-Links</text>
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          <element elementId="171">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="26379">
                <text>Wilberforce, ON&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="143">
            <name>Abstract</name>
            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26380">
                <text>The paper examines the development and preservation of Ontario's first Red Cross Outpost at Wilberforce. In outlining the history of the Outpost, it highlights the strength of the individuals in the region and their collective commitment to the Outpost that has become a symbol of their unity. For 30 years, the determination of the community and the skills and independence of the serving nurses kept the Outpost in operation. Covering the vast terrain between Bancroft to the east and Haliburton Village to the west, the Outpost nurse provided her services and, in turn, created a unique bioregion. The work of some of these individuals is reflected in personal reminiscences.&#13;
&#13;
The paper concludes with a description of the work of the Wilberforce community and surrounding area in preserving the historical building as a museum once its days of operation were over.</text>
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      <tag tagId="120">
        <name>health care</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>local history</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
